Male heterogametic sex determination in Rana dybowskii based on sex-linked molecular markers

Identifying the mechanism for sex determination in amphibians is challenging. Very little is known about sex determination mechanisms of Rana dybowskii, a species of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology. We screened for sex-linked molecular markers in R. dybowskii in China using target region amplification polymorphism with 2 fixed primers against the sequences of Dmrt1. We found 2 male-linked molecular markers in R. dybowskii, which were 222 bp and 261 bp long. The detection rates of 222 bp marker in males form Xinglong, Huadian, and Dandong were 93.79%, 69.64%, and 13.64%, respectively, while the rate in females from Huadian was 27.50%. Besides, the detection rates of 261 bp marker in the above 3 regions were only observed in males at the rate of 93.79%, 87.50%, and 32.73%, respectively. The inheritance patterns of sex-linked molecular markers showed that the 2 sex-linked molecular markers were heterozygous. Compared to the XY-male parent, progeny from XX-pseudo-male parent possessed lower sex reversal ratio at the same rearing temperature, and the proportion of female froglets from an XX-pseudo-male parent was more than 95% at low rearing temperature (15°C). Our findings suggest that R. dybowskii displays male heterogamety, and the 2 sex-linked molecular markers may have a guiding significance for the protection and utilization of R. dybowskii.     

Further observations of almond stem pitting 1

Two disorders of almond, know as 'stem pitting’and‘graft union necrosis (black line)', were described years ago from Puglia (southern Italy). The etiology of these diseases was uncertain, the causal agent unknown and reliable diagnostic methods were not available. Investigations were therefore carried out to identify Prunus species and/or cultivars as possible indicators for a quick and reliable diagnosis. In 1990, two different almond sources (cv. Filippo Ceo) affected by black line and stem pitting were budded onto seedlings of P. persica, P. cerasifera, P. amygdalus cv. Don Carlo, GF305, self-rooted cuttings of GF677 (P. persica×P. amygdalus) and onto Don Carlo and GF305 seedlings that had been already grafted with almond cvs Genco, Tuono and Filippo Ceo. At least two inoculated plants were inspected each year for the presence of symptoms on the woody cylinder after removal of the cortex. Stem pitting developed on P. persica and P. cerasifera seedlings during the first year after graft inoculation. On the grafted plants that had been inoculated, pitting and grooving of the wood were much more pronounced in cvs Filippo Ceo and Genco, with a higher incidence when GF305 was used as rootstock. Clear symptoms were observed (from the first year in cvs Tuono and Genco), regardless of the rootstock, all along the junction line and often not associated with pitting of the rootstock and scion.     

4种常见淡水养殖鱼类目标强度测定与差异分析

鱼类目标强度(target strength)的测量是渔业声学技术研究和应用的核心内容之一。2015年6―10月,在小型水槽内使用Bio Sonics DT-X(199kHz)科学探鱼仪发射水平声波,测量了4种共29尾不同鳔室结构的淡水养殖鱼类体侧向及背腹向(180°范围)的目标强度,并拍摄X光影像以了解鱼体鳔室结构及特征。其中瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)7尾、鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)9尾、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)6尾、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)7尾。结果显示,单体鱼目标强度与声波入射角度具有cos三次方函数关系,体侧向与背腹向上最大目标强度均出现于鱼体主轴垂直于入射声波时,最小目标强度出现于头尾方向朝向声波时,与最大目标强度相差10dB。不同种鱼类体侧向平均目标强度略大于背腹向0.5~5dB。单室鳔鱼类目标强度比相近体长的两室鳔鱼类小。对4种鱼类的目标强度与鱼体相关生物学指标进行主成分分析,体侧向与背腹向目标强度主要受体长、鳔长和鳔长/鳔高值的影响较大。通过目标强度与实验鱼全长、体长、体重的线性回归,获得体侧和背腹入射方向目标强度与3个生物学参数的关系式。本研究通过分析不同鳔室形态鱼种的回波特征差异,辅助判别长江内常见鱼类(如瓦氏黄颡鱼、鱖鱼、鲫鱼等)的声学信号,结果对于淡水水域水平原位监测时分析评估资源量相关参数具有参考意义。     

兰州市园林绿化用土及绿地土壤质量管理现状与对策

通过研究分析表明：兰州市园林绿化用土紧缺，绿地土壤存在密实度高、有机质含量低、污染严重、土源短缺、养护管理缺乏科学性等问题，必须提高土壤改良的科学性和管理的有效性，确保兰州市园林绿化事业的可持续发展。     

The role of TF-1 cell apoptosis-related gene 19 in systemic lupus erythematosus

AIM:To clarify the role of new apoptosis-related gene, TF-1 cell apoptosis-related gene 19(TFAR19), in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and the relationship between TFAR19 and SLE.METHODS:DNA Ladder detection, Western blotting, immunological fluorescence method, ELISA and so on were used to test if ultraviolet B(UVB) could induce HaCaT cell apoptosis and TFAR19 expression.RESULTS:HaCaT cell apoptosis could be detected after 24 hours of 30 mj/cm² UVB irradiation. Also, we found that in active SLE patients, the TFAR19 antibody was increased, but not significant compared to the normal control.CONCLUSION:TFAR 19 is involved in the process of UVB induced ketatinocyte line HaCaT apoptosis and SLE pathogenesis.     

转基因抗虫棉Bt基因的遗传连锁分析

对中美两国所获得的转基因抗虫棉品种GK— 1 2、新棉 33B分别进行了 Bt基因的连锁测验。分析表明两个品种的试验结果相似 ,Bt基因未整合在棉花第 I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、IX、X、XI、XII、XIII、XVII连锁群及 cu、pg、gl1等基因所涉及的染色体上。阐明了 Bt基因染色体图谱定位的复杂性 ,并提出以原位杂交技术实现 Bt基因在棉花染色体组上的物理标图     

雏鸡中脑视顶盖I层细胞构筑研究

为进一步阐明鸟类视觉通路的结构特征,试验采用Golgi-Cox法,灌流固定后尼氏体(Nissl bodies)染色和羰花青荧光染料DiI(1,1-’dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3-t’etramethylindocarbo-cyanine perchlorate)逆向神经标记技术,对雏鸡视顶盖I层的厚度和该层的细胞形态、大小进行了观察研究和数理统计。结果表明,I层细胞多数呈梭形,还有少数呈圆形、椭圆形、锥形、三角形和不规则形状等。I层外侧部较背侧部和腹侧部厚。按照胞体面积大小将细胞分为4类:巨细胞、大细胞、中细胞和小细胞,I层背侧、腹侧和外侧以巨细胞最少,其中背侧、腹侧以小细胞为主,外侧以中细胞数量最多。I细胞具有2~6个主树突,其中有2个主树突的细胞最多(60.7%,n=128)。     

松嫩平原耕地等别空间分异特征研究

总体把握松嫩平原耕地质量及等别空间分异特征,对于科学的耕地质量保护及建设具有重要的意义。以黑龙江省农用地分等国家级汇总成果为基础,运用ArcGIS 9.3空间分析功能综合分析松嫩平原耕地等别在空间上的分异特征。研究结果表明:松嫩平原耕地等别范围为8~13等,平均等别为10.8等,与全国平均等别9.8等相比可以看出,耕地质量总体偏低,优质耕地仅占总耕地面积的8.62%,一般耕地占70.88%,较差耕地占20.50%;各市县之间耕地等别差异明显,东部地区的哈尔滨市、五常市、双城市等市县耕地质量较好,等别集中在8~10等,西北部地区的讷河、甘南等市县耕地质量较差,等别集中在11~13等。耕地等别总体呈现由北向南、由西向东增加的趋势,未来耕地建设过程中应因地制宜,根据各区域不同条件及存在问题提出切实有效的治理措施。该研究为松嫩平原耕地空间优化、质量提升、基本农田划定及高标准农田建设提供科学合理的依据。     

不同配置方式林草地对土壤表层含水量的影响

以地处阴山北麓丘陵区化德县七号镇为研究区,选择相互毗邻的、配置方式不同的林草地,在距地表30 cm深处采集土样,并测其含水量.结果表明:(1)草地土壤表层含水量总体高于灌木林地和乔木林地,自然草地高于人工草地和耕地.(2)平地柠条林地土壤表层含水量高于坡梁地,坡梁地上坡位土壤表层含水量不及中、下坡位.(3)柠条灌木林地耐旱性能较好,灌草带状相间是主要配置方式,造林密度以灌木带宽1 m,带间距6～8m宽为宜.(4)不同植被类型生态耗水量不同,耗水量大的植被会吸收利用毗邻耗水量小的植被地块的土壤水分.因此,半干旱区要因地制宜选择适宜的植被类型、科学的配置方式以及合理的管理措施,以减少土壤水分过度消耗,为即将开启的新一轮退耕还林草工程提供科学依据.     

不同近交程度对藏獒体尺生长发育的影响

通过近交对河曲藏獒体尺生长发育影响的详细分析,发现随着近交系数的增加,体长、体高、胸围和管围都趋近于正态分布。近交系数为0．0652的藏獒,2—3月龄体长和3月龄管国有较大生长强度,2月龄体高生长强度不及近交系数0．0893组,体长、胸围和管围没有明显下降趋势。藏獒近交系数大于0.0652,除了体高生长强度外,其他体尺生长发育出现近交衰退趋势。