硼和氯化钠复合胁迫对小麦幼苗的影响

以盆栽小麦幼苗为供试植物,设定培养基质硼浓度分别为0、50、100 mg·kg^-1,氯化钠浓度分别为0、1、2 g·kg^-1,研究了硼和盐复合胁迫对植物生长的影响。结果表明,硼和氯化钠的单独胁迫均能显著抑制小麦生长;硼浓度为50 mg·kg^-1时,氯化钠加重了硼对小麦生长的抑制;硼浓度为100 mg·kg^-1时,氯化钠缓解了硼对小麦生长的抑制。硼和氯化钠的复合胁迫以及高硼胁迫使根冠比显著增大,氯化钠抑制了小麦对硼的吸收。综合来看,当硼胁迫较严重时,盐胁迫可以促进小麦增大根冠比和减少硼吸收来抵御硼毒害。     

基于GIS的东苕溪典型小流域土壤侵蚀风险评估

基于GIS信息平台,采用土壤流失评估模型（USLE）对东苕溪典型小流域的土壤侵蚀强度进行估算评价,识别了土壤流失关键源区。结果表明：东苕溪典型小流域土壤侵蚀量在时间上与降雨量有较好的相关性（r=0.730,P〈0.05）,侵蚀方式以水力侵蚀为主;年均土壤侵蚀模数为2347t·km-2,属轻度强度侵蚀,土壤侵蚀强度呈现南北两端高,中部地区低的趋势;不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀强度差异显著,年均侵蚀模数城镇用地〉农村生活用地〉耕地〉林地〉园地;中度及强度侵蚀区主要发生在陡坡带及7°～12°的耕地,极强度及剧烈侵蚀区主要集中在坡度大于12°的耕地、城镇用地及农村用地。     

中国鱿鱼钓机装备研究现状及展望

鱿鱼钓机是远洋鱿钓渔业的重要生产工具。目前鱿鱼钓机装备发展面临的主要问题是机钓产量低。本文介绍了我国鱿鱼钓机装备的研究现状,对钓机运转速度、作业水深控制、抖动模式设置及结构设计等方面的研究趋势进行了探讨。最后,提出了我国鱿鱼钓机发展对策,研究指出需重点解决钓机结构优化设计、控制系统性能优化、运行参数优化等问题,为远洋鱿钓渔业的可持续发展提供参考依据。     

光合细菌配合面包酵母与藻粉培养轮虫的实验

以面包酵母与一定量螺旋藻粉培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的过程中，添加光合细菌液进行实验。结果表明：光合细菌作为辅助性饵料，对轮虫的生长具有明显特殊的促进作用。4组实验显示：投喂适宜量光合细菌轮虫增殖明显加快，但与光合细菌添加量的增加不完全呈正比关系；投喂光合细菌新鲜培养液与老培养液轮虫增殖效果相近；投喂光合细菌只能作为辅助性饵料。当配合酵母、藻粉培育轮虫时，3者在饵料上起到了良好的互补作用，培养效果最佳。     

控释肥残膜对土壤性质和作物生长的影响

通过室内残膜强化试验，研究了控释肥残膜对土壤性质及作物生长（以花生为例）的影响。结果表明，土壤中残膜含量在0.008范围内，控释肥残膜可明显降低土壤的透水性，提高土壤的田间持水量和保水性，随膜含量的增加，当达到0.010时，土壤的田间持水量却明显降低，透水明显加快，土壤保水性也随之降低。另外随土壤中膜含量的增加，土壤容重降低，土壤比重变化不大，土壤孔隙度明显增加。强化试验结果进一步表明，在一定的土壤残膜含量范围内，随膜含量的增加，花生生长也呈增加趋势，其中最适宜花生生长的土壤膜含量范围为0.00426－0.00574。控释肥残膜在一定范围内对土壤和作物是有益的。     

Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signal pathway on proliferation in hypoxic pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC); and to evaluate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), iNOS, P-ERK1/2 protein expression in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) pathogenesis.METHODS: Cultured rat PASMC were divided into normoxic group; hypoxic group; hypoxia+ADM(adrenomedulin) group, hypoxia+L-NAME(iNOS inhibitor) group; hypoxia+PD98059 group. Proliferation was investigated by MTT and PCNA. Apoptosis was examined by flow-cytometry. Westen blotting was used to measure protein expression of HIF-1α, P-ERK1/2 and iNOS. RESULTS: (1) A value of 24 h-hypoxia was significantly higher than that in the normoxic group (P<0.01). In the hypoxia+PD98059 group, ADM was significantly lower than that in hypoxia group, whereas A value of the hypoxia+L-NAME was significantly higher than that in hypoxic group and normoxic group (P<0.01). (2) PCNA was positive in PASMC after 24 h hypoxia (P<0.01). PD98059, ADM inhibited the expression of PCNA significantly (P<0.01), whereas L-NAME increased the expression of PCNA significantly (P<0.01). (3) Apoptosis index was not significantly difference among the different groups (P>0.05). (4) HIF-1α, iNOS and P-ERK1/2 expression was poorly positive in normoxic group, positive after hypoxia for 4h (P<0.01), reaching its peak at 8 h hypoxia (P<0.01), HIF-1α, P-ERK1/2 expression declined after 24 h hypoxia. L-NAME promoted the expression of HIF-1α, PD98059 inhibited the expression of HIF-1α, iNOS and P-ERK1/2 partly. ADM inhibited the expression of HIF-1α partly, promoted the expression of iNOS. CONCLUSION: (1) Hypoxia stimulates the proliferation of PASMC, and has no obvious effects on the apoptosis of PASMC. (2) HIF-1 plays an importent role in the proliferation of hypoxic PASMC.     

利用苏云金杆菌悬浮剂对油松毛虫进行生物防治研究

利用8000IU·滋L-1苏云金杆菌(Bt)悬浮剂对油松毛虫进行了室内生物测定和松林林间防治试验。结果表明,Bt悬浮剂对油松毛虫有很高致死作用。分别利用500,400和300倍稀释液喷雾松枝饲喂2龄幼虫,处理120h后,幼虫死亡率分别为32.50%,35.00%和62.50%。平均症状级别达1.625~2.575,致死作用迅速。林间施用Bt悬浮剂500,400和300倍稀释液,处理7d后,幼虫校正死亡率为74.68%~84.81%,10d后防治效果达85.00%~90.00%,显著高于25%灭幼脲三号悬浮剂的对照处理。     

线粒体DNA在动物分子系统学研究中的应用

mtDNA由于其自身的特点和优越性,已被广泛地应用于动植物分子系统学的研究。本文概述了mtDNA的基本特征、遗传特点和用于系统分类的优点,并对mtDNA在动物分子系统学中的部分研究成果做了概括。     

寄主植物对棉铃虫体内解毒酶活性的影响

通过离体酶活性测定 ,研究取食小麦、豌豆等寄主植物和人工饲料对棉铃虫羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响。结果表明取食不同寄主植物的棉铃虫体内羧酸酯酶活性不仅存在量的差异 ,而且存在质的差异 ,寄主植物对棉铃虫谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性有显著影响     

The Effects of Climate Change on the Planting Boundary and Potential Yield for Different Rice Cropping Systems in Southern China

Based on climate data from 254 meteorological stations, this study estimated the effects of climate change on rice planting boundaries and potential yields in the southern China during 1951-2010. The results indicated a signiifcant northward shift and westward expansion of northern boundaries for rice planting in the southern China. Compared with the period of 1951-1980, the average temperature during rice growing season in the period of 1981-2010 increased by 0.4＆#176;C, and the northern planting boundaries for single rice cropping system （SRCS）, early triple cropping rice system （ETCRS）, medium triple cropping rice system （MTCRS）, and late triple cropping rice system （LTCRS） moved northward by 10, 30, 52 and 66 km, respectively. In addition, compared with the period of 1951-1980, the suitable planting area for SRCS was reduced by 11%during the period of 1981-2010. However, the suitable planting areas for other rice cropping systems increased, with the increasing amplitude of 3, 8, and 10%for ETCRS, MTCRS and LTCRS, respectively. In general, the light and temperature potential productivity of rice decreased by 2.5%. Without considering the change of rice cultivars, the northern planting boundaries for different rice cropping systems showed a northward shift tendency. Climate change resulted in decrease of per unit area yield for SRCS and the annual average yields of ETCRS and LTCRS. Nevertheless, the overall rice production in the entire research area showed a decreasing trend even with the increasing trend of annual average yield for MTCRS.