萝卜肉质根产量与主要性状相关及通径分析

试验运用相关及通径分析,对萝卜杂交组合的株高、展开度、外露长、叶重、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片数、根长、根粗9个相关农艺性状与肉质根产量进行了分析。结果表明,萝卜杂交组合单根重与其相关性状的直接通径系数是：株高-0.3176、展开度0.3338、外露长0.7369、叶重-0.1175、叶片数0.0626、叶片宽-0.1773、叶片长0.0267、根长0.4839、根粗0.4420。外露长〉根长〉叶重〉株高〉展开度〉根粗〉叶片长〉叶柄长〉叶片数〉叶片宽〉叶柄宽。     

北京地区独本菊品种资源及花型和花色分布研究

经过多年的实地调查和记录,统计到北京地区的常见独本菊品种1 001个;根据<中华人民共和国菊花品种DUS测试指南>的要求,对这些品种进行测试分析.根据中国菊花研究会制定的品种分类标准进行品种数量统计结果表明:各种瓣型中,平瓣类(42%)和管瓣类(33%)品种数量最多,桂瓣类(2%)较为稀少;在各种花型中,叠球型205个、翻卷型97个和卷散型86个,而管球型和全桂型仅各有1个品种,极为珍贵;花色以白色、黄色居多,红色、绿色和橙色等花色在菊花品种中较为稀少,仅有翻卷型、卷散型、钩环型和管盘型花色齐全.目前生产中仍然存在大量品种名称混杂的现象,现行的菊花品种分类系统无法将这些品种区分开来.根据上述调查结果,提出需要对珍稀花型和花色品种加以特殊保护,对现行分类体系进行修正的建议,并阐述了未来引种和育种可能的发展方向,以期为菊花品种资源的可持续开发和利用提供参考.     

新转萝卜雄性不育系主要性状的配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交法.对新转育成的5个雄性不育系和3个测验种的5个主要性状根质量、根长、株高、叶片质量、开展度的一般配合力和特殊配合力及遗传力进行了研究.结果表明,雄性不育系A1,A3和测验种S1的根质量、根长、株高、叶片质量、开展度5个农艺性状的一般配合力均较高,是杂交育种的理想亲本,而其他亲本则一般配合力较低;A1×S1,A1×S2,A2×S2,A3×S2,A5×S1和A5×S1等7个组合主要性状的特殊配合力效应值除了个别性状外均为正值,说明其用于杂种优势育种的可行性比较大.遗传力分析表明,除开展度外,其余主要性状均主要受基因加性效应影响,能真实遗传.     

甘蔗茎尖脱毒培养技术研究

针对热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养甘蔗脱毒苗在茎尖培养阶段由于污染率和褐变率高培养成功率较低问题,在甘蔗的热处理、茎尖解剖、接种等阶段设计不同试验进行研究探讨,以期提高茎尖培养的成活率和成功率。试验结果表明,不同的甘蔗品种在热处理时应需不同的水浴温度和时间;在茎尖解剖前,使用75％酒精处理可以减少茎尖培养的污染率;在接种前,将茎尖放到无菌水或者150mg／L的PVP（聚乙烯毗咯烷酮）溶液中浸泡15min可以减少酚污染,PVP还对其生长有促进作用;活性炭的作用有利有弊,需要进一步的研究确定其用量。     

树舌菌丝体多糖GPI的分离、纯化及成分分析

从树舌发酵菌丝体中提取水溶性粗多糖(GP),再从粗多糖中分离得到均一多糖并研究其单糖组成.采用DEAE cellulose及sephadex G200注色谱法进一步纯化得GPI,并利用柱色谱、醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳等方法检验纯度,GC和PC法测其单糖组成.结果表明,GPI为均一中性杂多糖,相对分子质量为2 000,单糖组成为Xyl、Man、Gal、Glc,摩尔比依次为0.027:1.0:5.88:3.0,GPI首次从树舌菌丝体中分离获得.     

棉籽壳不同预处理与平菇子实体中游离棉酚的含量

通过在100 ℃和126 ℃下灭菌及堆积发酵等处理的含87%棉籽壳的培养料来栽培平菇,然后测定平菇子实体中棉酚的含量,结果发现棉酚含量均在国家安全标准(≦0.02%即200 mg/kg)以内,其中以堆积发酵18 d的培养料栽培得到的平菇子实体棉酚含量最低,只有24.00 mg/kg.     

沥青混凝土心墙抗水力劈裂可靠度分析

沥青混凝土心墙抗水力劈裂是高心墙堆石坝的关键技术问题,其可靠度计算在国内尚属空白,本文提出了非线性有限元与响应面法、JC法相结合的可靠度分析方法,构建了沥青混凝土心墙抗水力劈裂的功能函数,以目前亚洲最高的沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝--冶勒为例,根据非线性有限元对各随机变量波动的计算结果,并应用JC法计算了其结构可靠度指标.结果表明,沥青混凝土心墙β值为5～7,总体水平满足规范要求β低值区主要分布在沥青混凝土心墙中下部,其成果与传统方法计算出的安全系数以及沥青混凝土心墙温度监测分析结果一致,心墙无破坏.该方法计算效率高,实用性强,成果合理、可信,具有借鉴推广应用价值.     

厦门筼筜湖游泳生物资源状况

2007年11月和2008年5月,对筼筜湖的游泳生物开展了2个季度的调查.结果显示:调查出现的游泳生物种类有69种.其中鱼类44种,虾类7种,蟹类14种,头足类3种,口足类1种;渔获量的优势种为远海梭子蟹和尼罗罗非鱼,渔获尾数优势种则以硬头鲻和远海梭子蟹为主.湖内刺网平均单位面积渔获量1.0069g/m2·h,单位面积渔获尾数0.0192ind/m2·h.排水口年平均资源指数为1043.317g/网·h,资源密度为148.883ind/网·h.现存资源量为729.752kg,现存资源尾数为10.4168×104尾.调查结果表明,筼筜湖的游泳生物种类比2001年出现的60种和1992年的43种,分别增加15%和60.46%.表明筼筜湖的综合治理取得了明显的生态效果.     

Changes in endothelin-1 and atrial natriuretic factor and the effect of atrial natriuretic factor on the change of endothelin-1 in asthmatic guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the possible role of endothelin(ET-1) in asthma pathogenesis and the effect of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on changes of ET-1. METHODS: Measuring the contents of endothelin-1(ET-1),atrial natriuretic factor(ANF),cGMP in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of guinea pigs. RESULTS: The contents of ET-1, ANF and cGMP in asthma group were higher than that of the control group; There was a significant negative correlation between ET-1 and ANF( r=-0.638,P <0.05) in plasma of the asthma group, and a significantly negative correlation between ET-1 and ANF( r=-0.921,P <0.01) in BALF of the asthma group. There was a significantly positive correlation between ANF and cGMP( r=0.848,P <0.01) in plasma of the asthma group,and a significantly positive correlation between ANF and cGMP ( r=0.831,P <0.01) in BALF of the asthma group. The levels ET-1 in the asthma+rat ANF(rANF) group were lower than those in the asthma group,and the levels of cGMP in the asthma+rat ANF(rANF) group were higher than those in the asthma group after ceasing to infuse rANF for guinea pigs for 30 minutes.CONCLUSION: ET-1 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.ANF might inhibit production of ET-1.     

A study on the mechanism of doxorubicin promoting IL-1β and collagen type I secretion in cardiac fibroblasts

AIM To observe the effect of adriamycin/doxorubicin （DOX） on the production of inflammatory cytokines and collagen in cardiac fibroblasts and its mechanism. METHODS Neonatal SD rat cardiac fibroblasts were isolated, cultured, and identified by immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies against vimentin observed under a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the toxicity of DOX on cardiac fibroblasts, and flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect apoptosis. ELISA was used to detect the release of inflammatory factors in the supernatant of cultured cells. Immunofluorescence labeling assay was used to detected α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） expression and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （mROS） in the cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome-related proteins in cardiac fibroblasts. RESULTS （1） Compared with the control group, DOX inhibited the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts （P<0.05）, but had no significant effect on apoptosis （P>0.05）. （2） Treatment with DOX promotes the release of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-6 in cardiac fibroblasts （P<0.05）. （3） The expression of α-SMA, collagen type I and transforming growth factor-β in DOX treatment group increased significantly compared with control group （P<0.05）. （4） Compared with the control group, the levels of mROS, cellular NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in cardiac fibroblasts increased significantly after DOX treatment. CONCLUSION Doxorubicin promotes cardiac fibroblasts to secrete IL-1β and collagen type I by promoting mROS production and activating NLRP3 inflammasome.