粪臭素在家畜养殖中的危害

粪臭素是L-色氨酸的细菌降解产物，是引起反刍动物急性肺水肿和肺气肿(ABPE)的主要物质，同时也是产生猪肉异臭味的主要物质，严重危害家畜养殖。本文综述了粪臭素的理化性质及合成途径、在家畜中的作用机理、影响粪臭素的因素及降低家畜体内粪臭素的方法等内容。     

酯酶同工酶在食用菌菌种选育中的应用研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ,分析了不同培养时间和不同培养基种类对平菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇酯酶同工酶的影响 ,结果表明在不同培养时间和不同培养基条件下 ,酯酶同工酶酶谱的酶带呈现不同的多态性 ,由此提示同工酶在食用菌菌种选育的应用上应固定最佳培养时间及最适培养基种类 ,并在所有操作条件一致的情况下 ,才能得到稳定准确的分析结果     

Roles of the Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv2.1 potassium channels in hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction

AIM: To determine the role of Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv2.1 in the hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: normoxic group and hypoxic group. The single smooth muscle cell was obtained from pulmonary artery of Wistar rats with acute enzymatic digestion method. The conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the resting membrane potential (Em) and the potassium currents of voltage-gated potassium channel (IKv) in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Intracellular application of Kv1.2/Kv1.5/Kv2.1 antibodies (1∶125) was conducted through the whole-cell patch clamp system. RESULTS: ① Em of PASMC was depolarized after 24 h hypoxia compared with that of control cells . IKv of PASMC was decreased after 24 h hypoxia, . ② The mixture of Kv1.2/Kv1.5/Kv2.1 antibodies depolarized Em and inhibited IKv in PASMC from normoxic rat, whereas the mixture of Kir2.1/Kir2.3/Kir4.1 antibodies had no effects on them. ③ The mixture of Kv1.2/Kv1.5/Kv2.1 antibodies and the mixture of Kir2.1/Kir2.3/Kir4.1 antibodies had no effects on IKv and Em from rats hypoxic for 24 h. CONCLUSION: Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv2.1 might be oxygen sensitive potassium channels which mediated HPV.     

UV-absorbing compounds and susceptibility of weedy species to UV-B radiation

Stratospheric ozone (O₃) depletion has led to increased terrestrial ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (290–320 nm). Leaves exposed to this radiation produce UV‐absorbing compounds in the epidermal cells, which protect plants from UV‐B damage. To determine the role of UV‐absorbing compounds in the UV‐B sensitivity of weeds (common chickweed (Stellaria media), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), green smartweed (Polygonum scabrum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), spotted cat’s‐ear (Hypochoeris radicata), and stork’s‐bill (Erodium cicutarium)) seedlings were exposed to 0, 4 (field ambient), 7 (18% O₃ depletion) and 11 (37% O₃ depletion) kJ m^?2 d^?1 of biologically effective UV‐B radiation in a greenhouse. Ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds were extracted from the second true‐leaf (0.5 cm² samples) with methanol : distilled water : HCl (79 : 20 : 1) in an 85°C water bath for 15 min, and the absorbance of the extracts measured at 300 nm. The shoot dry biomass was recorded to determine the susceptibility to UV‐B radiation. Common chickweed was the most sensitive and green smartweed the least sensitive weed to UV‐B radiation. The latter accumulated more UV‐absorbing compounds and this accumulation occurred earlier compared with common chickweed. As UV‐B_BE radiation levels increased from 0 to 11 kJ m^?2 d^?1, the green smartweed shoot biomass did not decline. However, the biomass of all five susceptible species declined despite an increase in the UV‐absorbing compounds in response to increased UV‐B radiation. Therefore, formation of a ‘UV‐screen’ in these species is not sufficient to fully prevent UV‐B damage. When the concentration of UV‐absorbing compounds in the six species was plotted against their susceptibility to UV‐B radiation, no relationship was observed. Thus, while the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds may be a major factor in the protection of certain species against UV‐B radiation and may offer some degree of defence in other species, it does not explain UV‐B susceptibility differences in weedy species in general.     

中草药饲料添加剂提高奶牛产奶量效果研究

选取同一胎次,健康正常的黑白花奶牛共36头随机分三组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,中草药Ⅰ组饲喂含5%黄芪日粮,中草药Ⅱ组饲喂党参-黄芪复合中药添加剂日粮,进行产奶量比对分析试验.结果证明,在奶牛的日粮中适当添加一定量的中草药添加剂 ,可以明显提高奶牛的奶产量(P＜0.01),产奶量可提高约12.88%左右,并能有效减少奶牛乳房炎的发病率.试验结果还证明,在日粮中添加单味中药添加剂,对奶产量的提高也有一定的影响,但实际效果不如中草药Ⅱ组显著.     

野生冰草种质资源同工酶遗传多样性分析与评价

分析了分布在内蒙古地区的16份野生冰草种质资源酯酶和过氧化物酶的基因位点,结果表明:2种酶共检测到4个等位基因位点,21条酶带,均为多态位点,两种等位酶4个基因位点平均杂合度为77.22%,显示了较高的多态性;依据同工酶谱带信息,把供试种群聚类并划分成3个类群,类群之间存在明显的遗传差异,但是基于同工酶分析进行的分类来确定材料的地理区域有一定的局限性。     

生长激素释放肽-6缓释微球的制备及其对动物生长的影响

以生物降解材料乳酸乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA,LA-GA 8515)为载体,采用复乳-液中蒸发法制备含生长激素释放肽-6的乳酸乙醇酸共聚物微球,并通过体外药物释放试验评价载药微球的释药特征.结果得到收率、粒径大小和分布及含药量均满意的微球,其中包封率为100%,平均体积径为3.45μm,收率为79%.在37℃、pH7.0的生理等渗缓冲液中,首日释药19.19%,其后以平均日释药3.23%的速度释药25 d.小鼠肌肉注射微球30 d后,累积增重比注射生长激素释放肽-6、生理盐水分别高22.56%(P<0.05)和53.17%(P<0.01).结果表明,生长激素释放肽-6乳酸乙醇酸共聚物微球有望发展成为新型长效制剂.     

增施CO_2对大棚不同辣椒品种农艺性状及产量的影响

对大棚栽培的4个辣椒品种开展增施CO_2试验,结果表明,增施CO_2对不同辣椒品种的茎粗、开展指数、叶片指数及果实性状影响不明显,但株高、叶柄长和产量增加明显,4个辣椒品种增产幅度为10.62%~16.12%。     

五笔字根“形、音、义”三结合速记法——兼谈英文字母键位速记

根据汉字＂形、音、义＂的三个特点,采用字根与字母组合构图以及谐音组词的方式助记五笔字根,以使每个五笔字根都能与相应键位的英文字母建立直观、形象、易于联想的紧密联系,从而达到事半功倍、快速持久的记忆效果。     

猪SENP1基因克隆、生物信息学分析与表达研究

试验旨在对猪SUMO特异性蛋白酶1(sentrin-specific protease 1,SENP1)基因CDS区进行克隆和生物信息学分析,并探讨SENP1基因在乙脑病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)感染PK15细胞后的表达情况。根据GenBank中公布的猪SENP1基因预测序列(登录号:XM_013997974.2)设计特异性引物,通过RT-PCR和T/A克隆技术对猪SENP1基因CDS区序列进行克隆测序,并进行生物信息学分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR分析猪SENP1基因在JEV感染PK15细胞不同时间点(0、12、24、36、48 h)的表达情况。结果显示,猪SENP1基因CDS序列全长2 034 bp,共编码677个氨基酸。序列比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,猪SENP1蛋白序列和山羊、犬、人、牛的相似性分别为94.8%、94.2%、93.9%和93.8%,说明在这些物种中SENP1的保守性较强;猪与犬的SENP1分子亲缘关系较近。生物信息学分析结果显示,猪SENP1蛋白相对分子质量为76 825.76,等电点为8.53,体外半衰期为30 h,不稳定系数为53.59,总平均亲水指数为－0.622。SENP1蛋白不含信号肽序列,无跨膜结构域。二级结构分析结果显示,SENP1蛋白中α-螺旋、无规则卷曲、延伸链和β-转角分别占31.31%、46.68%、16.25%和5.76%。三级结构分析结果显示,猪SENP1蛋白中存在8个α-螺旋区和7个β-转角区。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,猪SENP1基因在JEV感染的PK15细胞中呈现上调表达趋势,其中在感染后48 h SENP1基因表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果为后续深入研究SENP1基因功能提供了参考。