Elderly migration and development in small communities

"This paper develops a conceptual model of the process of community change [in the United States] in response to elderly inmigration. Analysis of intra-regional variation in elderly migration patterns in Appalachia, and synthesis of an emergent literature on the benefits and costs of attracting elderly migrants, serve as a backdrop for case studies, based on field observations and interviews, of three contrasting Appalachian communities at different stages of development as retirement destinations."     

Lymphocyte transformation test in the calf]

Studies into the effects of the environment on health and performance of agricultural animals are of clear-cut relevance to farming practice. The theoretical and practical importance of lymphocyte transformation to any assessment of immunological reactivity under defined environmental conditions, therefore, is reported in this paper. Communicated is methodical experience obtained from isolation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood of calves, lymphocyte culturing, and morphological evaluation of lymphocyte transformation. Views are given on the suitability of the lymphocyte transformation test. The following results have been obtained: Centrifugation of defibrinated blood, using "Visotrast-370", is recommended for lymphocyte isolation. Morphological evaluation will ensure a high degree of precision when 1 x 10(6) cells in one millilitre culturing fluid are to be cultured over three days, the culturing fluid consisting of 20 per cent of autologous serum and 80 per cent of Eagle medium, antibiotics, and a portion of 1-vol.% of phytohaemagglutinin (Wellcome). The lymphocyte transformation test, for its methodical accuracy, is good enough to detect and identify environmental effects on immunological reactivity of calf. It is likely to reflect the immunological response to an antigen application.