浅谈我国人口与可持续发展

本文揭示了我国人口与经济环境发展及经济发展之间的矛盾，强调了控制人口的重要意义，提出了实现可持续发展的方法和途径。     

无悔梦圆风雨中--记黑龙江农垦红兴隆科学研究所高级农艺师李作安

2005年仲春时节,由黑龙江省委组织开展的“小康建设红旗标兵”评选活动终于揭晓。黑龙江农垦红兴隆科研所大麦研究室主任、高级农艺李作安名列荣榜。喜讯传来,全所干部员工无不为欢欣鼓舞。然而,作为获奖者的李作安却没有表现出更多的兴奋。在他看来荣誉只不过是奔跑过程中所听     

Novel avian orthoavulavirus 13 in wild migratory waterfowl: biological and genetic considerations

Avian orthoavulavirus 13 (AOAV-13), formerly known as Avian paramyxovirus 13 (APMV-13), is found scatteredly in wild birds around the world. Although four complete genome sequences of AOAV-13 had been identified since the first discovery in Japan in 2003, the information available on the genetic variation and biological characteristics of AOAV-13 is still limited. In the present study, we isolated six AOAV-13 strains from fecal samples of wild migratory waterfowls during annual (2014–2018) viral surveillance of wild bird populations from wetland and domestic poultry of live bird markets (LBMs) in China. The phylogenetic analyses based on the HN and F genes showed that they had very close relationship and the molecular clock estimations showed a low evolutionary rate of AOAV-13. However, Bean goose/Hubei/V97–1/2015 is 1953 nt in size (ORF, 1, 776 nt), which is a unique size and longer than other reported AOAV-13 strains. Additionally, four repeats of conserved sequences “AAAAAT” was presented in the 5′-end trailer region of Swan goose/Hubei/VI49–1/2016, which is unprecedented in the AOAV-13. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring the specific species of APMVs.

     

湿地松与马尾松人工林木材物理力学性质的比较研究

通过对湿地松和马尾松人工林木材物理力学性质的测定和比较分析,结果表明:湿地松人工林木材密度、干缩系数和除冲击韧性以外的力学强度均稍大于马尾松人工林木材,而冲击韧性则恰恰相反.经差异显著性t检验表明:湿地松和马尾松木材物理力学性质指标中顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、弦面顺纹抗剪强度和冲击韧性差异极显著,气干密度、基本密度、径面顺纹抗剪强度和端面硬度差异显著,除此之外的其余指标差异不显著.     

山东省外观健康羊群中检出羊边界病病毒

2014年从山东省外观健康的牛羊采集鼻拭子样品共707份,提取其RNA,用流感病毒特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测。对RT-PCR扩增的阳性产物进行序列测定,意外发现其中1份羊拭子样品含有羊边界病病毒,并且该结果得到其他试验验证。结合我国2012年首次在安徽和江苏两地检出该病毒,以及当前我国羊群流通情况,推测该病毒可能在我国有所存在。该调研结果对分析各类RT-PCR检测的假阳性产生原因,有参考意义。并提示RT-PCR检测结果难以作为疫病或感染病诊断的确切依据。其诊断结果有时需要用荧光探针或测序进行进一步鉴定。     

秸秆还田下水肥管理模式对冬小麦气体交换参数及产量的影响

为探讨秸秆还田下冬小麦气体交换参数及产量对水肥处理的响应,通过大田试验研究了秸秆还田下灌水时期、施肥时期、灌水量和施肥量对冬小麦气体交换过程及产量构成的影响.研究结果表明:在抽穗期和灌浆期,无论增加灌水量还是减少灌水量均导致冬小麦叶片净光合速率上升;减少灌水量明显提高抽穗期叶片水平上的水分利用效率,但随着灌水量的增加,千粒重反而降低.抽穗期和成熟期的越冬水+拔节水+扬花水处理增加叶片净光合速率,且提高水分利用效率和千粒重.与对照相比,施肥处理叶片净光合速率呈现出增加的趋势,但增加幅度并不显著.在生长初期(拔节期+抽穗期)减少施肥量,光合速率增加;越冬期施肥较多、拔节期施肥较少(S3S1)的处理下,冬小麦的千粒重增加.本研究结果将为黄淮海平原粮食产区冬小麦水肥管理措施和政策的制定提供数据支撑和理论依据.     

人工冻土融沉特性及融土微观结构研究综述

人工冻结法在地铁建设中的大量应用,使得施工后融沉控制成为亟待解决的问题。论述人工冻土融沉特性、融土特性、常温土微观结构和冻融土微观结构的国内外研究现状。基于前人的研究成果,指出有关融土微观结构与融沉关系的研究尚属空白,并提出,融土微观结构与融沉关系的研究和以微观结构特征来表征宏观融沉特性是未来冻融土微观结构的研究方向。     

Irreversible competitive inhibitory kinetics of cardol triene on mushroom tyrosinase

Cardol triene was first purified from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were studied. The results of the kinetic study showed that cardol triene was a potent irreversible competitive inhibitor and the inactivation was of the complexing type. Two molecules of cardol triene could bind to one molecule of tyrosinase and lead to the complete loss of its catalytic activity. The microscopic rate constants were determined for the reaction of cardol triene with the enzyme. The anti-tyrosinase kinetic research of this study provides a comprehensive understanding of inhibitory mechanisms of resorcinolic lipids and is beneficial for the future design of novel tyrosinase inhibitors.     

国外提高花卉业竞争力的若干策略和措施及借鉴

总结了国外花卉业在检疫和质控体系;区域化、专业化、规模化生产;技术推广服务及新技术应用;育种和新品种权保护;提高花卉生产和产品的环保标准等方面的经验,为提高国内花卉业竞争力提供借鉴。     

智能激光植物补光器的设计及应用

针对目前植物补光设备照射范围有限、电-光转换效率不高、布线安装成本较高和使用环境有限等问题,该研究设计了一种智能激光植物补光器。系统阐述了智能激光植物补光器的工作原理和结构设计,以“红颜”草莓为补光试验对象,分析其补光效果。试验结果表明：使用该设备能增加草莓植株的叶片厚度和叶绿素含量,相比自然光照分别增长了6.6%和10.5%;能显著提高草莓果实的硬度和糖度(P<0.05),相比自然光照分别增长了20.2%和15.5%。设计的激光驱动电路电流精度达到1 mA,在调节光照强度时精度高;使用型号为VMS-300AL-GH-N01的光合有效辐射传感器测得光量子通量密度约为55μmol/(m²·s),标准偏差仅为2.689,补光器出光均匀。使用智能激光植物补光器能促进植物的生长发育及果实品质,在植物补光领域和农业现代化方面具有一定的推动作用。