山东小尾寒羊研究概况

介绍了山东小尾寒羊的研究概况 ,主要内容包括该品种的繁殖性能、屠宰性能、杂交利用等方面的最新研究成果 ,比较全面地阐述了山东小尾寒羊的种质特性。     

Effect of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on the expression of MHC molecules in canine transmissible venereal tumor cells

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) can be allo-transplanted across major histocompatibility complex barriers. The expression of MHC molecules is usually low in the progression (P) stage and then greatly increases during tumor regression (R). We investigated the effects of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) on the expression of MHC molecules of CTVT cells. Isolated, viable CTVT cells were inoculated at each of 12 sites (1 x 10(8) CTVT cells per site) on the back of six, mixed-breed dogs. Tumor masses were collected every 2-3 weeks and prepared for histopathologic, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and immunoblotting studies. The level of MHC expression on tumor cells from different stages of growth was measured. Initially, expression of MHC I and II molecules in P phase CTVT was low. Twelve weeks post-inoculation (PI), expression increased dramatically and it continued to increase during R phase. Tumor growth slowed after 12 weeks PI and tumors entered R phase around 17 weeks PI. We hypothesize that CTVT evades host immunosurveillance and grows progressively for 12 weeks, when it becomes vulnerable and subject to the host's anti-tumor immune responses. We further demonstrated that R phase, but not P phase, TIL were closely associated with the over-expression of MHC I and II molecules by CTVT cells. The number and proportion of TIL were higher in R phase tumors. Supernatants, from R phase co-cultures (CTVT+TIL) and TIL only, promoted MHC I and II expression on P phase CTVT cells. After culturing alone for 1 month, expression of MHC classes I and II molecules in R phase CTVT cells decreased to the level of P phase CTVT cells. However, the above-mentioned supernatants restored their expression of MHC I and II molecules. In contrast, supernatants from P phase TIL or CTVT cells increased expression slightly or had no effect. Therefore, TIL, not CTVT cells, produce the effective substance (s) to promote the expression of MHC molecules by the tumor cells. Heat treated supernatant was unable to promote the expression of MHC I and II molecules by CTVT cells. In conclusion, TIL isolated from R phase CTVT secreted a heat-sensitive, soluble substance(s) that triggered over-expression of MHC I and II after 12 weeks PI. This caused the tumor to enter R phase and helped stop CTVT growth. Our findings will facilitate the understanding and further investigation of the mechanisms that initiate host immune surveillance against tumors.     

新城疫（ND）—减蛋综合征（EDS76）蜂胶二联灭活疫苗的研制Ⅰ．制苗工艺、疫苗安全性和免疫原性试验

将新城疫病毒（NDV）Colon-30株和减蛋综合征病毒（EDS76AV）－127株分别接种于非免疫鸡胚和鸭胚，制备抗原液。抗原液经甲醛灭活后，与纯化的天然免疫增强剂蜂胶乳化，制成鸡新城疫（ND）－减蛋综合征（EDS76）蜂胶二联灭活疫苗，对疫苗的安全性和免疫原性进行了测定。对3－6周龄易感雏鸡以2倍使用剂量肌内注射，安全性良好；对1日龄雏鸡接种1个使用剂量进行急性毒性试验。15d生长曲线表明，对雏难 影响。对6周龄雏鸡注射1个使用剂量，每批疫苗免疫10只鸡，免疫后5－32d，鸡血清中EDS76血凝抑制（HI）抗体的几何平均滴度（GMT）为6．5－11．8log2,ND血凝抑制（HI）抗体的几何平均滴度（GMT）为4．8－9．8log2；对ND免疫攻毒试验表明，3批疫苗，每羽份含有的半数保护量（PD50）分别为≥127、≥131和≥127。     

无线电追踪技术在地下啮齿动物研究中的应用

营地下生活的啮齿动物被誉为陆地生态系统的工程师,但其长期栖居于地下的生活习性难以被人们直接观察,给动物行为学和生态生物学等研究带来了挑战。随着科学技术的发展,无线电技术的小型化和轻量化为地下啮齿动物研究提供了可行性。国外学者已成功将无线电追踪技术应用于对地下啮齿动物洞道系统、活动节律、巢域面积变化以及社群制度等的研究。但国内将其应用于地下啮齿动物研究的较少。本文根据目前国内外研究现状,对无线追踪技术的研究内容和研究方法进行综述,以期为我国地下啮齿类研究提供参考。     

绵羊DUSP6基因多态性及其与产羔数关联分析

文章旨在探究绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A、g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T、g.125589006G>A四个位点多态性及其与产羔数之间的关系,以期找到与绵羊高繁殖力相关的分子标记。利用全基因组重测序结合Sequenom MassARRAY誖SNP技术对多羔绵羊品种(小尾寒羊、湖羊、策勒黑羊)和单羔绵羊品种(滩羊、苏尼特羊、萨福克羊、草原型藏羊)DUSP6基因上述4个多态位点进行检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:绵羊g.125589716G>A位点在多羔绵羊品种中存在AA、GA、GG三种基因型,在单羔绵羊品种中存在GA、GG两种基因型;g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T位点在单、多羔绵羊品种中均存在CC、CT、TT三种基因型;g.125589006G>A位点在单、多羔绵羊群体中均只存在GA、GG两种基因型。绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A位点基因型频率在单、多羔绵羊品种之间差异显著(P<0.05),等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异极显著(P<0.01);g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01);g.125589006G>A位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。关联分析表明,DUSP6基因各SNPs多态性与小尾寒羊不同胎次产羔数之间无显著关联(P>0.05)。综上说明,绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A、g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T以及g.125589006G>A等4个位点的多态性与小尾寒羊各胎次产羔数之间均无显著关联(P>0.05),不适用于小尾寒羊多羔性状选育。     

Antibody response of kittens after vaccination followed by exposure to feline leukemia virus-infected cats.

Protein (western) blot analysis and virus-neutralization assay were used to evaluate the antibody response of specific-pathogen-free kittens to FeLV vaccination and followed by natural exposure. Several kittens had barely detectable reactions to specific FeLV antigens prior to vaccination or exposure. Correlation was not found between protection against persistent viremia and antibody response after vaccination as measured by western blot analysis or virus neutralization assay. A statistically significant (P less than 0.01) difference in the antibody response against p27 antigen after natural exposure to FeLV was observed between persistently viremic kittens and transiently viremic or aviremic kittens. Measurable (P less than 0.05) virus neutralizing antibody titer after FeLV exposure was found only in a small number of kittens that were protected against persistent viremia. Lack of association between humoral response and vaccination-induced protection against persistent FeLV infection suggests an important role for cell-mediated immunity in such protection.     

考虑种养平衡的黄淮海小麦-玉米模式下畜禽承载量估算

黄淮海地区作为中国种植业与养殖业优势区,随着国家对农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便所带来农村环境问题的日益重视,研究该区域"以种定养"、实现种养业废弃物资源化利用、践行绿色发展理念显得尤为重要。以区域种植业实际生产情况为基础,确定典型种植模式下可施用畜禽粪便类有机肥量,经推导计算后确定区域畜禽养殖种类与数量。该文选取河北、河南和山东为黄淮海地区典型代表,在保障粮食产量和满足农田环境风险评估的基础上,研究小麦-玉米生产模式中,畜禽粪便类有机肥每年可施用量,经推导得到高温好氧堆肥处理前的畜禽粪污资源量,进而计算得到每年可承载的不同种类畜禽养殖量。这样既可满足种植业生产的肥料需求,也能缓解养殖业粪污带来的环境压力。研究结果表明:黄淮海地区小麦-玉米生产模式中,每公顷农田每年可利用6头奶牛或18头肉牛或47～51头生猪或731～789只蛋鸡或8 062～8 705只肉鸡粪便N量。在实际生产中,土壤肥力和土壤微生物等多因素影响有机肥可施用量,不同种类畜禽的农田承载量还需进一步优化。该研究为促进黄淮海地区种养结合提供一定的理论基础。