Relationships between CPUE fluctuation of southern bluefin tuna and ocean temperature variability in the Central Indian Ocean

In this study, catch and effort data of southern bluefin tuna (SBT) from Taiwan longliners operating in the Central Indian Ocean (CIO) during 1982 to 2003 were compiled and their catch per unit effort (CPUE) was standardized using the generalized linear model (GLM). The GLM includes factors such as year, season, by-catch, latitude, sea surface temperature (SST) and the interactive effects among factors. The standardized CPUE and its relationship with SST fluctuation were then analyzed to understand the effects of fishing ground SST variations on CPUE of SBT, as well as their connection to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The standardized CPUE in the CIO seemed to oscillate with the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) between 30 and 50°S where SSTA fluctuations were prolonged and slower than the ENSO cycle. It is then very likely that fishing conditions at the CIO fishing ground were influenced by the expansion of the cold water mass from the Southern Ocean, and the colder SST is beneficial to increasing SBT catch rate.     

Effect of high temperature treatment on electrochemical properties of carbon nanofiber membrane

In this study, polyacrylonitrile was used as the nanofiber membrane material. Through A two-stage continuous process, namely, oxidation process and carbonization and activation process, an activated nanofiber membrane material was fabricated. Subsequently, the membrane underwent high-temperature heat treatment (1100-1500 °C) to explore the effect of temperature on its properties. Charge/discharge rate was employed to determine the capacitance retention ratio to evaluate the applicability of the fabricated membrane in high-power super capacitor electrodes. The results revealed that in the treated membrane, the lattice size increased from 1.24 nm to between 3.20 and 4.72 nm. In addition, the volume resistivity was reduced from 6 Ω-cm to between 9.70E-2 and 3.85E-2 Ω-cm, substantially improving the electric conductivity. The activated carbon nanofiber membrane treated with high temperature at 1100 °C exhibited the highest capacitance of 704 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s.     

浙江荚蒾属植物小志

在编写“浙江植物志”的过程中,作者最近从事浙江产的荚蒾属(Viburnum Linn.)的研究。本文包括23种,1变种及2变型,分隶于:(1)锥序组Sect,Thyrsosma (Rafin.)Rehd.—3种,(2)荚蒾组Sect.Viburnum—4种及1变型,(3)合轴组Sect.Pseudotinus C.B.Clarke—1种,(4)球核组Sect.Tinus(Borkh.)Maxim.—种,(5)蝶花组Sect.Pseudopulus(Dipp.)Rehd.—1种及1变型,(6)齿叶组Sect.Odontotinus Rehd.—12种及1变种,以及(7)裂叶组Sect.Opulus A.DC.—1种。其中尚有归并为同物异名者1种及1个新组合的亚种。 作为分类学研究成果,本文提供了对主要器官及附属物的特征,分组及分种的检索表,对每一分类群的地理分布、生态条件等作了系统的论述和列举。 本文中所被研究的大量标本均藏于杭州植物园标本室、杭州大学生物系标本室及浙江博物馆标本室。     

苦楝油防治桔全爪螨的研究

本文认为苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)油对桔全爪螨Panonychus Citri(McG.)的毒杀作用,可能是因油剂堵塞螨的气门造成窒息而死亡。用电镜扫描的方法比较了桔全爪螨和捕食螨的气门结构,指出气门结构的差异是产生选择毒性的主要原因。本文提出了乳化苦楝油的经济、简易、有效的配方和方法。室内测定,苦楝油对桔全爪螨LC_(50)为0.27％;大田防治试验的效果达93.7％,是一种优良的高效杀螨剂。利用植物油防治柑桔叶螨具有广阔的前途。     

杀虫剂田间毒理研究的新进展

本文扼要地介绍了杀虫剂田间毒理的观点及近年来的进展,指出杀虫剂田间毒理的主要观点是:在化学药剂、环境条件及害虫三者互相联系、互相制约的基础上,研究在田间生态条件下如何提高药剂对害虫个体及群体的防治效果,最大限度地发挥化学防治在害虫综合治理(IPM)中的作用。主要进展有:1.以生态学为基础,用田间毒理观点为指导,系统地研究了荔蝽的自然抗药性现象,包括自然抗药性机理、实际防治措施及施药技术等,为有效地解决生产实际问题提供了理论依据。2.通过对植物质杀虫剂及昆虫生长发育调节剂的研究,为综合治理提供了新型药剂。3.利用“累积虫日”等参数,改进了田间药效的评价方法。这些观点和研究进展将进一步推动我国昆虫毒理学及害虫防治技术的发展。     

紫背金盘提取物对四种鳞翅目害虫作用活性的初步研究

紫背金盘(A(?)(?)(Makine))提取物对菜青虫(P(?)(?)(L.))小菜蛾(P(?)xylostella(L.))斜纹夜蛾(Prode(?)ia Iit(?)(Fabricius))和粘虫(M(?) aeparola (Walker))的幼虫均有显著的抑制生长发育和拒食作用,甲醇提取物及其氯仿提取物对五龄菜青虫的拒食中浓度(AFC_(50))分别为0.31％和0.12％;抑制生长发育有效中量(ED_(50))分别为1.36mg/g和0.34mg/g.氯仿萃取物对3—4龄小菜蛾的AFC_(50)为0.23％,EC_(50)=为0.29％(饲喂法)和0.22％(点滴法)。杀虫活性成分是易溶于氯仿的弱极性物质,分离提纯工作仍在进行中。     

In vitro neutralization by monoclonal antibodies against yellow grouper nervous necrosis virus (YGNNV) and immunolocalization of virus infection in yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced by using yellow grouper nervous necrosis virus (YGNNV) as an immunogen, isolated from infected yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel), and propagated in GB cells. In enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 43 hybridoma clones secreting MAbs strongly reacted with the purified virus. Ten of them showed a higher neutralization index (NI) value between 6.5 and 4.5 (log₁₀ NI) than the other 33 MAbs against YGNNV infection in cell culture. All 10 MAbs belonged to the IgG isotype with a κ light chain and recognized the 42 kDa coat protein of YGNNV by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that the viral signals co-located with pathological lesions observed in retina, brain and spinal cord. These results indicate that the MAbs are useful for confirmative diagnosis of YGNNV infection.     

The Oxidation of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Aqueous Solution by UV/H2O2 Photolysis

The oxidation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in solution using UV/H₂O₂ and direct UV photolysis are analyzed in this study. It was found that DEHP was 100% removal in the solution by 180-min UV/H₂O₂ treatment and 73.5% removal by 180-min direct UV photolysis. The effect of different factors, such as DEHP concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, and UV light intensity, on photochemical degradation was investigated. The degradation mechanism of DEHP and the acute toxicity of intermediates were also studied. The photochemical degradation process was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results of our study suggested that the concentration with 40 mg/L H₂O₂ and 5 μg/mL DEHP in the solution at pH 7 with 10.0?×?10^?6 Einstein l^?1?s^?1 UV was the optimal condition for the photochemical degradation of DEHP. The photochemical degradation with UV/H₂O₂ can be an efficient method to remove DEHP in wastewater.     

Trace Analysis of N-Nitrosamines in Water Using Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatograph–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A method that utilizes solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for analyzing a group of emerging pollutants, N-nitrosamines, in water. The developed analytical method requires a water sample of less than 5 ml and only 1.5 h for complete analysis. The method detection limits for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine were in the range of 3.2 to 3.5 ng/l; for N-nitrosomorpholine, it was 15.2 ng/l. The method was successfully employed to measure the N-nitrosamine concentration at trace levels of nanogram per liter in four water treatment plants (WTPs) and one water distribution system. In the WTPs, only NDMA was detected in the treatment processes. Within the treatment train, NDMA was observed after chlorination. The level of NDMA significantly declined after slow sand filtration due presumably to microbial degradation. The NDMA concentration collected from consumer tap water was about 40% higher on average than that in the finished water. The excellent performance of the SPME/GC/MS/MS method in various water matrices as well as the shorter analysis time and smaller sample volume compared to currently used extraction techniques makes it an alternative means for the analysis of N-nitrosamine in drinking water, wastewater, and laboratory research with small reactors.     

Short-Term Sorption of Toluene Vapor onto Natural Organic Materials

The effects of surface area, micro-porosity, and surfacechemical structure on the sorption of toluene vapor ontothree model natural organic materials (NOMs), including two peats(CH and HS) and one tree bark compost (TB) were examined. The BETsurface area, pore size distribution, element composition,sorption kinetics and isotherms, and carbon functionality (CP/MAS¹³C-NMR spectra) were measured for the model organic matters.All the three NOMs have small BET-surface areas (below 5 m²g^-1), and small porosity (ranging from 0.6 to 3.4 cm³g^-1). Sorption of toluene vapor on NOMs was found to reachequilibrium in about one hour. A weak interaction (van der Waals'forces) was found between toluene and the three NOMs, withsorption uptake in the order of peat CH > compost TB > peat HS.This toluene uptake order is similar to that for pore volume.Compared to the pore size distribution data measured by liquidnitrogen, sorption of toluene vapor onto the model NOMs may beattributed to the mechanisms similar to that for nitrogenadsorption, suggesting that nitrogen may be used as a probe fordetermining the sorption of toluene on the three NOMs. For peat HSand compost TB, the sorption processes may be regarded as `pore-filling' in a glassy phase SOM. In addition, based on thefunctional group composition analysis with CP/MAS-¹³C-NMR, it was not aromatic carbon group but the alkyl carbon group thatprobably supplied a more flexible space (rubbery phase SOM) fortoluene to penetrate. This flexible space may contribute somewhatto the sorption capacity so that the uptake of toluene by peat CHis higher than that of nitrogen.