屠宰生猪肺脏眼观病变的统计与分析

目前关于猪疾病的相关研究国内外已不少,其中猪内脏病变的研究也很深入,但是关于屠宰生猪肺脏眼观病变的研究还相对较少。鉴于屠宰生猪肺脏检疫在生猪屠宰检疫工作中的重要性,通过对福州地区某生猪屠宰场大量屠宰生猪肺脏眼观病变的观察,然后进行分类统计,从而了解该地区屠宰生猪肺脏大致病变类型与数量,为该地区疫病的分析起辅助作用,也为屠宰场的脏器检疫工作提供技术支持。     

Biochar has little effect on soil dissolved organic carbon pool 5 years after biochar application under field condition

Biochar application can improve soil properties, such as increasing soil organic carbon content, soil pH and water content. These properties are important to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, the effects of biochar on DOC concentration and composition have received little research attention, especially several years after biochar application under field conditions. This study was conducted in a long‐term experimental field where the biochar was only applied once in 2009. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different biochar application rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha^?1) on the dynamics of soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC compositions (reducing sugar, soluble phenol and aromatics) over nine samplings during a 12‐month period in 2014. Our results showed that soil water content and DOC concentration varied from 7.1% to 14.5% and 59 to 230 mg C kg^?1 soil during the 12 months, respectively. However, the biochar application rates did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC composition at the same sampling period. The DOC concentration across the biochar treatments was positively correlated to soil water content. Moreover, the DOC composition (reducing sugar, soluble phenol or aromatics) and their concentrations were positively correlated to the total DOC concentration. In addition, biochar did not affect soil bulk density, pH, saturated hydraulic conductivity and crop yields. The results indicated that some benefits of biochar to soil may not persist 5 years after the application of biochar under a field condition.     

不同产地红茶主要品质成分分析

通过收集国内外不同地区具有代表性的红茶茶样,对其进行感官审评与理化成分分析。结果表明,感官方面,国外红茶样整体水平优于国内红茶样品。内含品质成分方面,云南大叶种红茶水浸出物含量较高;氨基酸含量则均在3%~5%之间,差异并不明显;国外红茶样茶多酚平均含量高出国内红茶样2.66%;咖啡碱含量在2.35%~5.45%之间,其中产于斯里兰卡的两个红茶样高于其他地区红茶;国外红茶样茶黄素含量整体较高,茶红素以肯尼亚红碎茶含量最高,国内红茶样则是茶褐素含量普遍较高。     

我国橡子资源的开发利用

橡子营养丰富，而且具有多种功能特性，广泛应用在食品和其它工业中。对橡子仁、橡子皮质和橡子壳的成分、功能和应用等研究情况进行了综述，并介绍了橡子资源在食品及其它工业领域的应用进展，以及提出了橡子资源开发与研究过程中遇到的问题和解决方案。     

棉隆土壤消毒防除小麦田杂草的效果及对养分的影响

采用田间试验研究了98%棉隆微粒剂防除小麦田主要杂草的效果,及杂草防除后对氮、磷、钾及水分的影响。结果表明,施用98%棉隆微粒剂防除小麦田杂草效果显著,对菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)、猪殃殃(Galium aparine L)、牛繁缕[Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries]、大巢菜(Vicia sativa L.)均有良好防效,总鲜重防效达87.5%～99.5%,优于两种对照药剂。杂草防除后,显著降低了杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗,有效改善了田间的水肥条件。98%棉隆微粒剂处理的小麦田产量达2 970.01～3 123.77 kg/hm2,增产效果显著,产量较清水对照增加28.9%～35.6%,每公顷增收1 532.38～1 886.02元。     

Heavy Metals Residues in Soil,Feed and Beef of the Cattle Industry in Yili area of Xinjiang

In order to understand the situation of heavy metal residues of the beef industry chain in Yili area of Xinjiang.The heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farm were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd)contents in soil samples were 0.03-0.20, 3.87-8.30, 0.15-0.23, 0.09-0.48 and 0.41-0.86 mg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in feed samples were 3.01-18.09, 75.35-94.27, 19.65-24.37, 0.06-1.04 and 1.81-8.46 μg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in beef samples were 0.23-0.54, 1.22-7.12, 0.28-0.53, 0.01-0.27 and 0.02-0.03 μg/kg, respectively.The correlation coefficient of the heavy metal element between soil and feed, feed and beef, soil and beef were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively.It was concluded that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farms in Yili area did not exceed the standard and that in the soil, feed and beef had the high correlations.     

A型流感病毒分型基因芯片在流感病毒各亚型监测中的应用

为验证自行研制的A型流感病毒分型基因芯片方法在实际中的应用效果,了解A型流感病毒各亚型在我国不同地区和不同宿主中的分布情况,对我国20个地区、不同宿主源(鸡、鸭、鹌鹑、鸽子、猪、人等)拭子和组织样品共16 852份进行了检测。利用自行研制的A型流感病毒分型基因芯片方法,对样品进行RNA提取、多重不对称RT-PCR扩增、芯片杂交、洗涤和扫描分析;同时将基因芯片检测阳性的样品,用普通RT-PCR扩增后进行序列测定。结果显示:利用该方法检出阳性样品2 582份,总检出率为15.32%(2 582/16 852),共检测到H1N1、H2N9、H3N2、H4N6、H5N1、H7N1、H7N9、H9N2、H10N5、H16N3等10个亚型,且均与阳性样品测序结果一致。结果表明,该方法可准确检测不同地区、不同宿主中的A型流感病毒不同亚型。同时,该方法能在同一张芯片上准确鉴定A型流感病毒的多种亚型,解决了其他常规方法无法检测已发现和可能发生变异的所有亚型的棘手问题,从而为A型流感诊断和分子流行病学监测提供了一种新技术。