Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection based on the VP3 structural protein

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a contagious immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The aim of the present study is to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the expressed VP2 or VP3 protein of IBDV as the coating antigen for detecting antibodies to IBDV. Experimental results were compared with virus neutralization assay and a commercial-available ELISA. These assays were used to examine the sera from farm chickens and chickens vaccinated experimentally. The VP3-based ELISA had a higher correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.812 with a commercial ELISA kit at a serum dilution of 1:500 than that of VP2-based ELISA (R(2)) of 0.671. The relative sensitivity between virus neutralization and VP2-ELISA and VP3-ELISA was 96% (251/262) and 100% (262/262), respectively, and that between virus neutralization and a commercial ELISA was 99% (257/261). Additionally, compared with virus neutralization assay, the reference technique for diagnosing IBDV, VP3-based ELISA had an agreement value of 99%, superior to that of VP2-based ELISA (95%) or the commercial kit (89%). These results revealed that the capability of either VP2-ELISA or VP3-ELISA in detecting the field chicken sera was comparable to the commercial one, which is generally used to replace the virus neutralization assay. However, the preparation of VP3 is derived from an Escherichia coli expression system with a high yield and purification efficiency by Ni(2+)-NTA gels, which is more favorable to the insect cell-derived particles formed by VP2. Therefore, VP3-ELISA could be developed as an efficient and low cost diagnostic method for IBDV infection in field chickens.     

印楝引种试验初报

1986年在我国海南省万宁县首次引种印楝(Azadirachta indica A.Juss)的初步结果表明,印楝树适宜在该地种植,在没有采取特殊保护措施的自然条件下能顺利越冬越夏,生长情况良好。育苗三个月即可移植出圃造林。移植两年后可郁闭成林。平均株高可达6米,胸径达9.8厘米。树龄两年即出蕾开花,首次花期在4～5月份。同年8～9月份果实成熟,产生的种子具有正常生活力。据试验期间观察,印楝还具有较强的抗风和耐旱能力,并具有一定的抗寒能力,是值得进行大量推广的速生树种。     

Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with MyD88 deficiency

MyD88 is a key downstream adapter for most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 deficiency in mice leads to susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens in experimental settings of infection. We describe a distinct situation in a natural setting of human infection. Nine children with autosomal recessive MyD88 deficiency suffered from life-threatening, often recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease. However, these patients were otherwise healthy, with normal resistance to other microbes. Their clinical status improved with age, but not due to any cellular leakiness in MyD88 deficiency. The MyD88-dependent TLRs and IL-1Rs are therefore essential for protective immunity to a small number of pyogenic bacteria, but redundant for host defense to most natural infections.     

柑桔苗黄型衰退病毒的分布概况和六种酸橙类砧木对它的反应

 用尤力克柠檬和葡萄柚作指示植物,鉴定广西、广东、湖南、江西、浙江、四川等6个省(区)的873株柑桔中有691株受苗黄型衰退病毒感染,说明这种病毒的分布相当普遍。     

棉苗黑斑病的发生条件及其防治途径

棉苗黑斑病的致病菌在关中棉区初步认为是 Alternaria tenuis Nees 与棉成株期叶片上的致病菌不同。病菌孢子借气流传布。种子带菌率虽然很高,但诱发苗病率却很低,因此,种子消毒或采用轮栽来控制这个病害,是不能达到预期效果的。病害发生与棉苗受冻、强风对棉苗的伤害以及棉苗阶段发育有密切的关系。各年发病期有早有晚,但以真叶出现时为易感阶段。本文阐述了棉苗生育阶段、气候条件与发病的关系,为预测病害发生的物候与气象参考条件提供了资料。棉株伤害与发病有关系,建议在生产上适当降低播种量,提高播种质量,适期早疏苗、早间苗;以减轻由于伤损而导致病害侵染。品种与病害发生的关系不显著。试验证明,使用波尔多液加1059于降温前喷射效果较好。     

大白菜窖藏中一些腐烂细菌的研究

 窖藏白菜腐烂是由许多细菌造成的。最重要的是Erwinia aroideae和E.phytophthora以及被认为是腐生菌的三种芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus,B.poly-myxa和B.subtilis。试验证明在一定条件下后者能引致明显的腐烂。     

Human endothelial cell growth factor: cloning, nucleotide sequence, and chromosome localization

Several of the endothelial cell polypeptide mitogens that have been described probably play a role in blood vessel homeostasis. Two overlapping complementary DNA clones encoding human endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) were isolated from a human brain stem complementary DNA library. Southern blot analysis suggested that there is a single copy of the ECGF gene and that it maps to human chromosome 5 at bands 5q31.3 to 33.2 A 4.8-kilobase messenger RNA was present in human brain stem messenger RNA. The complete amino acid sequence of human ECGF was deduced from the nucleic acid sequence of these clones; it encompasses all the well-characterized acidic endothelial cell polypeptide mitogens described by several laboratories. The ECGF-encoding open reading frame is flanked by translation stop codons and provides no signal peptide or internal hydrophobic domain for the secretion of ECGF. This property is shared by human interleukin-1, which is approximately 30 percent homologous to ECGF.     

Human sperm binding is mediated by the sialyl-Lewis(x) oligosaccharide on the zona pellucida

Human fertilization begins when spermatozoa bind to the extracellular matrix coating of the oocyte, known as the zona pellucida (ZP). One spermatozoan then penetrates this matrix and fuses with the egg cell, generating a zygote. Although carbohydrate sequences on the ZP have been implicated in sperm binding, the nature of the ligand was unknown. Here, ultrasensitive mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the sialyl-Lewis(x) sequence [NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc], a well-known selectin ligand, is the most abundant terminal sequence on the N- and O-glycans of human ZP. Sperm-ZP binding was largely inhibited by glycoconjugates terminated with sialyl-Lewis(x) sequences or by antibodies directed against this sequence. Thus, the sialyl-Lewis(x) sequence represents the major carbohydrate ligand for human sperm-egg binding.