文心兰茎尖诱导原球茎的影响因子研究

以文心兰无菌幼苗茎尖为试材,研究了基本培养基、植物生长调节剂、碳源、培养基pH值及茎尖放置方式对原球茎诱导的影响。结果表明:1/2MS为原球茎诱导的适宜培养基,0.1 mg/L TDZ最适合原球茎诱导且无不定芽分化、诱导率达80%,30 g/L蔗糖是原球茎诱导的适宜碳源,培养基pH值为5.2时原球茎诱导效果最佳,茎尖竖直放置比水平放置更有利于原球茎诱导。     

核盘菌对菌核净的抗药性机制初探

经药剂筛选获得对菌核净不同表型的核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) 抗药性突变体。与敏感亲本菌株相比, 抗药突变体MN 61 (MR ) 和MN 91 (HR) 在含1% 和8% 葡萄糖的PDA 上生长受到抑制,MN 113 (LR) 只对1% 葡萄糖敏感。通过测定抗药突变体MN 61 和野生敏感菌株PN 061 的电导率, 发现抗药突变体能在更短的时间里渗出更多的电解质。抗药突变体苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性比敏感亲本菌株高出1 倍以上, 当用不同浓度菌核净处理或饥饿处理时, 抗药突变体和敏感亲本菌株PAL 活性均上升, 但抗药突变体的酶活始终高于敏感亲本菌株。     

矿质元素对稻米品质影响研究进展

水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物,稻米品质是水稻遗传特性与生长环境、栽培技术互作的结果,矿质元素对稻米品质的形成具有重要作用。本文综述了不同矿质元素对稻米品质的影响,分别总结了大量元素、中量元素和微量元素对稻米品质的不同影响。受多种因素影响,同一矿质元素对稻米品质影响的研究结果不尽相同;矿质元素对稻米品质的影响存在品种间和不同稻米品质间差异,而且在稻米品质形成过程中,不同矿质元素起的作用及作用程度也不尽相同;矿质元素对稻米品质的影响具有多向性,且不同矿质元素间存在一定的互作关系,施用中很难兼顾到稻米品质的每一个指标。生产中应根据实际情况,因地制宜、适时适量、合理运筹,最大程度提高稻米的整体品质。     

Human and climatic drivers of land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River basin,China

Climate and human activities change spatial and temporal distribution of water and land use. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, faced a long-term exploitation of land and water over a rapid economic development. We analyzed land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River Basin by Landsat images, and data on hydrology, climate, population, economy and PM_2.5 (air particulate matter ≤2.5 μm). Agricultural land expanded the fastest (4–11%), followed by natural vegetation (15–16%) and water area (4–5%) with population and economic increase. Air quality (PM_2.5 μg m⁻³) improved in upper (62–27) and middle (48–17) reaches. The water area in lower increase 5% because of ecological water delivery since 2000. Land use in the lower reach was dominated by agriculture, where the downstream runoff consumption increased by 6.8 times. The average annual air temperature and precipitation gradually increased by 0.5 °C and 51 mm in source and 0.9 °C and 30 mm in main reaches. The average annual water consumption in upper and middle reaches was 4 × 10⁹ m³, accounting for 87% of input runoff in the main reach. Water consumption in middle reach increased by 33 times in 2009–2017. The industry structure was changing from primary to secondary and tertiary industry. To sum up, implementation of water saving strategies and ecological water delivery restored local ecology. Sustainable strategies should be applied facing industrialization. Furthermore, changing the industry structure and restoring the degraded farmlands to grasslands or forests would keep sustainability of Tarim River Basin.     

自修复多层液膜和壳聚糖采前处理对杧果果实品质及保鲜的效应

以"桂热82号"杧为材料,采前30 d对杧果果实分别进行1%壳聚糖浸涂、自修复多层液膜浸涂及对照(清水)处理,探讨这两种保鲜方式对杧果采后果实品质的影响。结果表明,自修复多层液膜处理可以抑制杧果腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物含量的上升,延缓杧果硬度,可滴定酸、可溶性糖及维生素C含量的下降,更好地维持杧果果实品质,此外,自修复多层液膜处理还抑制了果实丙二醛含量、多酚氧化酶活性的上升,降低了膜脂系统的伤害,提高了杧果过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,提高了果实抗氧化能力。与1%壳聚糖浸涂处理相比,自修复多层液膜处理对杧果的果实品质和采后保鲜效应更好。     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

饲料中维生素D3添加水平对黄鳝外周免疫相关组织细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

本试验旨在探索维生素D3添加水平对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)外周免疫相关组织细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。挑选体质健康、平均体重为(21.7±2.1)g的黄鳝360尾,随机分为6组,每组2个重复,每个重复30尾。6组黄鳝分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照)、250、500、1 000、2 000和4 000 IU/kg维生素D3的试验饲料。试验期60 d。饲养试验结束后,从各组随机选择6尾黄鳝,分别采集其肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾和后肠组织,采用流式细胞术检测样品细胞的增殖和凋亡情况。结果表明:饲料中维生素D3添加水平对脾脏、后肠和头肾3种组织细胞增殖和凋亡的影响变化趋势基本一致,即1 000 IU/kg组细胞增殖指数(PI)最高,凋亡指数(AI)最低,与对照组和4 000 IU/kg组差异显著(P<0.05)。肝胰脏细胞PI随饲料中维生素D3添加水平的增加而降低,以4 000 IU/kg组最低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);肝胰脏细胞AI以1 000 IU/kg组最低,显著低于对照组和4 000 IU/kg组(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加1 000 IU/kg维生素D3可降低黄鳝外周免疫相关组织细胞凋亡,促进脾脏、头肾和后肠细胞增殖,有利于外周淋巴器官生长;饲料中添加4 000 IU/kg维生素D3可致黄鳝外周免疫相关组织细胞增殖受阻,细胞凋亡加快,引起机体免疫功能抑制。     

用鳞片估计马来穿山甲个体数量

我国每年都能查扣到多起非法走私大量马来穿山甲鳞片进入境内的案件,由于不知如何根据鳞片来估计个体数量,而给森林公安机关立案、量刑与处罚带来极大不便。通过统计9头马来穿山甲鳞片的数目（Sm）、鲜重（Sfw）、干重（Sdw）,分别获得了以Sm、Sfw、Sdw为参数来估计马来穿山甲个体数量（N）的3个方程,它们是①Sm/929.8≤N≤Sm/681.8;②Sfw/835.4≤N≤Sfw/389.8;③Sdw/774.3≤N≤Sdw/367.9。执法部门在办理此类走私案件中能通过这些方程方便快捷地估算出走私物品的个体数量,能为同类案件的立案、量刑和处罚提供依据。     

猪囊尾蚴头节单链抗体-PE40重组蛋白的表达及抗虫活性分析

将含有抗猪囊尾蚴头节单链抗体基因（ScFv）和绿脓杆菌外毒素基因（PE40）的重组质粒pET28．ScFv-PE40转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,经IPTG诱导,表达产物通过SDS-PAGE和westernblot鉴定,其表达蛋白的相对分子量约为68ku,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的13．8％。将融合蛋白通过金属Ni2^＋亲和层析柱纯化后,目的蛋白纯度在95％以上,可溶性蛋白的回收率约为50％,回收量为5mg／L。本研究所进行的纯化重组蛋白的体外杀伤六钧蚴试验表明,重组蛋白对六钩蚴具有较强的杀灭作用,而且与其剂量呈正相关性。     

草业科学专业本科生“科研助理”培养模式探索——以甘肃农业大学为例

人才培养是高校的根本使命,新时期不断创新办学理念,探索新型培养模式,对全面实施素质教育,提高教育质量至关重要。根据甘肃农业大学本科生"科研助理"培养模式,结合草业科学专业的特点,分析了"科研助理"培养模式及其宗旨,介绍了几种"科研助理"培养模式的常用方法,阐述了各种方法的优缺点和应用情况,还就其运行机制和实施情况等进行了说明,最后探讨了存在的一些问题及其保障措施。旨在加强本科生"科研助理"培养模式的培养效果,为高校草业科学专业与其他专业人才培养提供参考。