高效液相色谱在手性农药分析分离上的应用研究进展

随着人类社会可持续发展的需要,环境中手性农药的污染日渐受到人们的重视,因此手性农药的拆分也得到越来越多的重视.高效液相色谱是一门适用于手性分离的研究技术.本文综述了近年来高效液相色谱在手性农药拆分中的应用研究,并对该方法的发展前景进行了讨论.     

手性流动相添加剂在纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)柱上的应用

以微晶纤维素和3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯为原料合成了纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯),涂敷于氨丙基硅烷化硅胶上制成手性固定相.并以β-环糊精衍生物为手性流动相添加剂在手性柱上进行对映体的拆分.结果表明:当使用手性固定相和含有手性添加剂的流动相分离手性化合物时存在手性两相协同作用,其中以2,3,6-三甲基-β-环糊精(TM--βCD)为流动相添加剂时的效果最好.     

密云水库库区不同植物篱模式下的氮磷阻控效应

筛选拦截效果最佳、经济效益最佳的植物篱模式,为密云水库水源保护区控制坡耕地氮磷流失提供技术参考。设置“桔梗+狗牙根”“丹参+狗牙根”“桑树+野牛草”“黄芩+野牛草”4种不同的植物篱模式,监测2020年天然降水条件下的地表径流、泥沙以及养分情况,分析不同植物篱模式下径流小区的产流和产沙情况,探讨不同植物篱对坡耕地地表径流、泥沙和养分的拦截效率及其影响因素。结果表明：4种植物篱种植模式都能够起到截流减沙,减轻水环境富营养化的作用,从而避免对下游水体的污染。其中“桑树+野牛草”植物篱效果最为显著,大雨雨强下可以减流57.96%,减沙96.64%,暴雨雨强下可以减流64.63%,减沙97.17%;对氮的相对拦截量为93.14 mg,相对拦截率约88.27%;对磷的相对拦截量为25.17 mg,相对拦截率约80.72%,能有效减少地表径流中的氮、磷含量。在考虑经济效益、社会效益和生态效益下,开展植物篱防控面源污染工作中,最佳的物种选择为“桑树+野牛草”,其次为“黄芩+野牛草”。野牛草在防控水土流失与面源污染方面效果十分显著,可以作为水土保持的先锋植物推广。     

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Study of Deep-Sea-Derived Butyrolactone I in Rats by UHPLC–MS/MS and UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS

Butyrolactone I (BTL-I) is a butanolide isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. It provides a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of food allergies. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of BTL-I in rats. The metabolic profiles were obtained by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS. As a result, eleven metabolites were structurally identified, and the proposed metabolic pathways of BTL-I were characterized. The main metabolites were the oxidative and glucuronidative metabolites. In addition, a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method was established for the quantitation of BTL-I in rat plasma (LOQ = 2 ng/mL). The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of BTL-I in rats after oral administration or intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability was calculated as 6.29%, and the maximum plasma concentrations were 9.85 ± 1.54 ng/mL and 17.97 ± 1.36 ng/mL for intravenous and intragastric dosing groups, respectively.     

阳光玫瑰与浪漫红颜葡萄特性比较

近几年,阳光玫瑰葡萄种植效益明显突出于其它品种,发展势头迅猛,但由于品种特性,需要精品栽培,管理不好容易造成品质不佳,售价不高,去年,浪漫红颜葡萄又走进种植户视野,很多农户就种植阳光玫瑰还是浪漫红颜犹豫不决,本文就浪漫红颜葡萄与阳光玫瑰葡萄的相同、相似特性,浪漫红颜葡萄优于阳光玫瑰葡萄的特性,阳光玫瑰葡萄优于浪漫红颜葡萄的特性3方面进行了详细比较,并针对性提出建议,对指导农户品种选择有着较好的影响。     

兔人工授精技术推广的主要问题与对策

兔人工授精技术是以种兔的培育和商品兔的生产为目的而采用的一种既简单而又有效的方法,是进行科学养兔、实现养兔生产现代化的重要手段,推广兔的人工授精技术,是加快兔种改良步伐,充分发挥优良种兔配种作用,促进养兔生产发展的重要技术措施。本文通过实地调研,分析归纳出我国在兔人工授精技术推广工作中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了解决办法,同时也对推广兔人工授精技术提出了一些措施和建议。     

芹菜资源及其保健功能的研究进展

介绍了近几年来对芹菜资源分布、生物学特性、地方品种收拳整理和国外品种引进利用研究的情况。综述了芹菜的营养价值和功能成分分析、生物活性物质的提取技术及其保健功能的药理和临床应用研究进展。     

黏虫CYP9A134基因的克隆及其解毒功能

昆虫体内的细胞色素P450酶系统在昆虫解毒过程中发挥着重要作用。本次试验通过转录组测序获得一条新的黏虫P450基因,经国际委员会命名为CYP9A134（登录号为MT990973）。该序列全长为1801 bp,开放序列长度为1596 bp,编码531个氨基酸,分子质量为61.42 kDa,等电点为4.90。在黏虫幼虫阶段用2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯和20%氯虫苯甲酰胺诱导时该基因表达量会有不同程度上升,最高的可分别达对照组的2.6倍和6.5倍。RNA干扰后,该基因表达量最低下降了70%,以上2种杀虫剂LD30杀虫效果分别提高了13%和25%;在黏虫成虫阶段用20%氯虫苯甲酰胺LD30诱导时,该基因表达量最高可达7.8倍。RNA干扰后,该基因表达量最低下降了61%,LD30剂量的氯虫苯甲酰胺杀虫效果提高26%。结果表明,该基因可能在杀虫剂诱导的解毒代谢过程中发挥重要作用。     

Bioactive Properties of Peptides and Polysaccharides Derived from Peanut Worms: A Review

Peanut worms (Sipunculids) are unsegmented marine worms that usually inhabit shallow waters. Peanut worms are good source of bioactive compounds including peptides and polysaccharides. Many recent studies have investigated the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides derived from peanut worms in order to enhance their applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The peptides and polysaccharides isolated from peanut worms have been reported to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-hypoxia and wound healing activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms. Most researchers used in vitro, cell culture and animal models for the determination of bioactivities of peanut worm derived compounds. However, studies in humans have not been performed considerably. Therefore, it is important to conduct more human studies for better utilization of marine bioactive compounds (peptides and polysaccharides) derived from peanut worms. This review mainly focuses on the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides of peanut worms and their molecular mechanisms.     

无公害农产品生产基地环境质量评价研究

以中牟县为例,从大气、农田灌溉水和土壤3个方面,运用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法,较为系统的评价了其作为无公害农产品生产基地的环境质量现状,并对环境质量监测及评价方法等进行了探讨。