电子鼻测定酸奶气味过程中测定参数的研究

用电子鼻对不同储存期的酸奶进气味测定,旨在寻求一组最佳测定参数.通过单因素试验对测定过程中的不同影响因素进行了考察,运用正交试验找出最佳应用参数,结果表明,最佳参数组合为样品温度40℃,清洗时间80 s,测样时间50 s,进气量400 mL/min.     

家蚕春用品种研究现状及展望

家蚕新品种的选育和应用是蚕丝业科技进步的核心因素,春用蚕品种研究则是这个核心的重点。本文就国内外家蚕春用品种研究的历史、现状及发展方向进行阐述,希望对我国当前的蚕育种工作有所帮助。     

Genetic diversity and relationships of lotus (Nelumbo) cultivars based on allozyme and ISSR markers

Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of lotus (Nelumbo Adanson) cultivars were evaluated using allozyme and ISSR markers. The samples used covered 11 accessions of possible hybrids between Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea and 92 accessions of N. nucifera including 69 flower lotus, 13 rhizome lotus, 5 seed lotus and 5 wild lotus. For allozyme studies, a total of 31 alleles at 23 loci of 18 enzyme systems were detected of which 5 (21.7%) loci Aat, Idh, Mdh-2, Pgd, Sod were polymorphic. The loci of Aat and Idh included two alleles, Mdh-2, Pgd and Sod included three alleles. Eighteen genotypes were detected with the 13 alleles of the 5 polymorphic loci. The parameters of average allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 1.35 ± 0.71, 0.06 ± 0.21, 0.05 ± 0.14, 0.10 ± 023, respectively. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 93 loci, of which 37.63% were polymorphic across all samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci, average allele number, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 26.67%, 1.30 ± 0.46, 0.10 ± 0.18 and 0.15 ± 0.25, respectively for the ISSR data. The ‘Bottleneck effect’ and rapid propagation of clones after the ice ages may explain the low genetic diversity of lotus. The dendrograms based on ISSR and allozymes were not congruent. Based on the ISSR data, the 103 samples were divided into the N. nucifera group (Group I), and the group containing inter-specific hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea (Group II). The flower lotus, rhizome lotus, and seed lotus each has multiple sources of origin. Plant size, a criterion commonly used in the classification of cultivars of lotus, is not correlated with genetic variation. Flower color is correlated with the cultivar classification to some degree, but its variation is complex in the hybrids.     

无籽西瓜新品种新优38号的选育

新优38号为中早熟无籽西瓜一代杂种,母本S401-1是利用秋水仙碱诱变获得的四倍体自交系,父本H201是从二倍体材料中选出的抗病、优质自交系。该品种全生育期90 d(天)左右,果实发育期32 d(天)左右;果实椭圆形,新疆地区露地栽培果形指数1.25左右,南方地区露地栽培果形指数1.15左右;果皮浅绿色覆深绿色宽条带,光滑美观,果皮厚约1.0 cm;瓤鲜红色,质脆多汁,口感风味好,中心可溶性固形物含量11.4 %左右,白色秕籽小而少;单果质量4～6 kg,每667 m2产量3 500 kg左右。     

Multi‐level mixed models for evaluating factors affecting the mortality and weaning weight of piglets in large‐scale commercial farms in central China

This study investigated the factors affecting piglet mortality (square root of mortality, SQRM) and average weaning weight (AWW) in commercial farms in central China. Information on sow diets, management and climate from 2478 weaning batches completed in 16 pig farms was collected from 2009 to 2013. Multi‐level mixed models, which included batch level (level 1) and farm level (level 2), were used to analyze the factors associated with SQRM and AWW. The mean values of SQRM and AWW were 2.52% (SD = 0.96) and 7.31 (SD = 0.77), respectively. Lactation sow diets supplemented with oregano essential oils (OEOs) decreased the SQRM (P < 0.05) and increased the AWW of piglets (P < 0.01). The SQRM was lower in period 2 (June to September, hot) than in period 1 (February to May, warm) and period 3 (October to January, cold; P < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). The AWW was lower in periods 2 and 3 than in period 1 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, supplying OEOs to lactation diets can increase the weaning weight and reduce the mortality of piglets. The sources of variations in SQRM and AWW are of greater concern in the warm season than in the hot season.     

11株瘤胃源芽孢杆菌生理学特性研究

试验对已筛选的11株瘤胃源芽孢杆菌的产酶活力、耐酸、耐胆盐和抑菌活性及菌株间相容性进行研究。采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法（DNS法）测定纤维素酶的活力,涂布平板计数法测定菌株的耐酸性、耐胆盐等特性,牛津杯法测定抑菌活性,滤纸片法进行室内相容性试验。结果显示,菌株T-2、T-3和T-10产纤维素酶的酶活力较高;菌株T-2、T-5、T-7、T-8和T-9表现较强的耐酸能力;菌株T-4、T-5、T-9和T-11表现较强的耐胆盐能力。菌株T-4和T-7对副溶血弧菌的抑菌活性较强,T-7对产气杆菌的抑菌活性最强,T-5、T-9、T-10对大肠杆菌抑菌活性较强,而T-3对藤黄八叠球菌指示菌的抑菌性最强。室内相容性试验结果表明,11株芽孢杆菌部分菌株之间存在颉颃作用,由此筛选出优良菌株的复配组合,抑菌可能的最优复配组合为T-3、T-4、T-5;T-3、T-4、T-10;T-4、T-5、T-10;T-3、T-7、T-10。纤维素酶活力较强时可能的最优复配组合为T-2、T-3、T-5;T-2、T-3、T-10;T-2、T-5、T-10;T-3、T-5、T-6;T-3、T-5、T-10。本试验可为动物饲料的研究和开发提供一定的参考依据。     

野菊和神农香菊毛状体及叶片表面分泌物的比较

本研究以野菊(Dendranthema indicum)和神农香菊(D.indicumvar.aromaticum)为研究对象,对比分析了其叶片的表皮毛形态、密度以及叶片表面分泌物种类和含量。结果表明,其叶片表皮毛主要有两种类型,一类是没有分泌功能的T-形非腺毛,一类是具有分泌功能的头状腺毛。T-形非腺毛在上下表皮的密度差异不大,而头状腺毛差异较大,主要集中在叶片的下表皮。两种植物材料叶片表面分泌物里共分析出73种化合物,其中大部分为萜类及其衍生物,共有的化合物有18种;野菊和神农香菊中分别分析出48、43种化合物,分别占分泌物总相对含量的90.96%和84.33%。     

Production and testing of plants regenerated from protoplasts of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plants were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryonic suspension cultures of N5047S, a photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) Japonica rice line. Flow cytometric analyses of nuclear DNA content identified some tetraploid regenerates whose agronomic traits could be distinguished from diploid regenerates. Pollen and female fertility of diploid protoplast-derived clones grown under different light and temperature conditions was compared. A promising PGMS protoplast clone, ZAU11S, was developed from these clones. Its male sterility was confirmed as a photoperiod × temperature interaction type. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

葡萄糖氧化酶基因在棉花中的高效转化——转化与抗性愈伤组织的诱导和筛选

试验探讨了利用农杆菌介导法把葡萄糖氧化酶基因（ＧＯ基因）转化到棉花中影响转化和抗性愈伤组织诱导的一些因素。结果表明,５～７ｄ 苗龄的无菌苗是做转化的最佳时期,以３Ｄ＋ ２Ｌ处理的无菌苗效果好。下胚轴的形态学部位对转化的影响差异不大。菌株的活力状态是影响转化出愈率的主要因素之一。以菌株的培养时间为依据简便有效。试验还发现,培养基的固化程度不同,出愈率有很大差异,固化程度高,异常愈伤组织增多,正常愈伤组织的出愈率降低。这可能与其活性氧平衡被打破对细胞造成伤害有关。对坑性愈伤组织的筛选次数也做了讨论。