An attempt at implementing a holistic inclusive development model: Insights from Malaysia's land settlement scheme

This paper examines the influences of Malaysia's Federation Land Development Authority (FELDA) scheme in fostering inclusive rural development. Based on the model of holistic inclusive development, the paper investigates the performance of FELDA from four perspectives: social development, industrialisation, modernisation and basic needs. The main findings of the study indicate that, to a large extent, the scheme has successfully stimulated both the social and economic development of the community. Nonetheless, establishing a strong trust, social cohesion and rapport between the public authorities and community remain the main challenges in determining the success of this state‐led agenda. Moreover, keeping traditional values in the modern system will be the key principle for the sustainability of the programme if plans are made to adopt the scheme in other regions.     

Comparison of the distribution of mineral nutrients and active substances in dehydration- and salinity-stressed Aloe vera L.

Changes in growth and distribution of inorganic mineral elements and organic active substances in seedlings of A. vera were examined under treatments of ?0.44 and ?0.88 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and corresponding isosmotic sodium chloride (NaCl). All stress treatments inhibited plant growth, with NaCl severely inhibiting the growth of the seedlings than PEG. However, leaf biomass did not change significantly. The nitrogen concentration under PEG was maintained higher than that under NaCl. Salinity caused more severe ionic imbalance than dehydration. However, when the concentration of NaCl was increased, ion homeostasis was maintained. Stressors induced an increase in aloin concentration in leaves, especially in young leaves. Polysaccharide concentrations in leaves did not change under dehydration. However, the polysaccharide concentration decreased in the middle and base leaves under NaCl. A. vera exhibited high adaptability to suitable osmotic stress, which increases its main active ingredients in leaves.     

湘早籼46号在湖南益阳的种植表现及高产栽培技术

湘早籼46号是湖南省贺家山原种场选育的常规早籼迟熟水稻新品种,2009年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。2011-2012年在湖南省益阳市多点引种试种,表现为丰产性好、熟期适宜、性状优良、抗性好、米质较优、售价高、效益好。为此,研究了一套与湘早籼46号配套的高产栽培技术措施,以期帮助农民增产增收。     

Signals induced by exogenous nitric oxide and their role in controlling brown rot disease caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monilinia fructicola</Emphasis> in postharvest peach fruit

Recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays an important role in plant–pathogen interactions and that aconitase is a major target of NO. In the present study on the signaling role of NO in the elicitation of defense responses in peach fruit against Monilinia fructicola and subsequent effect on brown rot disease, 15 μM NO solution induced disease resistance in harvested peaches. As a potentiated elicitor, NO induced high levels of endogenous NO and superoxide (O₂ ^?), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and NADPH oxidase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in the fruit. Aconitase activity in peach fruit was inhibited by NO. Activity of partially purified aconitase was inhibited in vitro by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H₂O₂; however, the inhibition could be relieved by carboxy-2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (cPTIO) or catalase (CAT), indicating that the defense response and signals induced by NO transduction depend on aconitase and conditions leading to elevated levels of NO; otherwise, H₂O₂ would inactivate aconitase directly in fruit. Treatment with NO resulted in salicylic acid (SA) accumulating during storage. Higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA) were detected in NO-treated fruit 48 h after the treatment. But after NO was removed, the level of SA and JA were lower than in the control. The results suggest that exogenous NO enhances resistance of harvested peach fruit against the fungus by inducing signals such as endogenous NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), SA and JA and by inhibiting aconitase activity.     

吉林省不同地区亚洲玉米螟发生世代的变化

为明确吉林省不同地区亚洲玉米螟发生世代的变化,对吉林省东部、中部和西部3个生态区28个县(市)的亚洲玉米螟成虫产卵时期、幼虫发育和化蛹等情况进行了系统调查。结果显示,东部生态区大部分地区亚洲玉米螟只有1个落卵高峰期,未发现第1代幼虫化蛹,仍为1代发生区,而在伊通县和集安市有部分幼虫化蛹,已由1代发生区变为1代为主兼1.5代发生区;中部生态区大部分地区有2个落卵高峰期,未发现第2代幼虫化蛹,已由1.5代发生区变为完全2代发生区,而在双辽市和梨树县出现第3代低龄幼虫,已变为2代为主兼2.5代发生区;西部生态区大部分地区有2个落卵高峰期,未发现第2代幼虫化蛹,仍为2代发生区,而在通榆县出现第3代低龄幼虫,已由2代发生区变为2代为主兼2.5代发生区。表明随着全球气候变暖,吉林省亚洲玉米螟的世代发生数有增加的趋势。     

基于熵权物元模型的四川省土地生态安全评价

为进一步了解四川省土地生态安全现状,基于P-S-R模型建立评价指标体系,选取熵权法和物元法对四川省18个地级市土地生态安全做出评价,结果表明：成都土地生态安全级别为“临界安全”,自贡、泸州、广元、内江和达州的土地生态安全级别向“安全”级转化,攀枝花、德阳、绵阳、遂宁、乐山、南充、眉山、宜宾、巴中和资阳的土地生态安全级别向“较安全”级转化,广安和雅安土地生态安全级别向“较不安全”级转化。综合单指标关联度和综合关联度得出,四川省各地级市土地生态安全总体趋于向良好转变。     

马铃薯生产燃料乙醇发展现状

介绍了用马铃薯及其附属产物生产燃料乙醇的必要性、技术路线、发展环境和前景,对目前从事生产马铃薯燃料乙醇的企业有一定指导作用。      

牦牛脾脏转移因子对小鼠淋巴细胞转化增殖的影响

为了研制一种能够增强动物抗病力的生物活性免疫制剂。采用冻融-透析法提取牦牛脾脏中非特异性转移因子(nTF),并用MTT法检测牦牛TF对小鼠淋巴细胞转化增殖的影响。结果表明：（淋巴细胞+ 刀豆蛋白 +TF）对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化增殖效果优于（淋巴细胞+ TF）组和（淋巴细胞+脂多糖+TF）组,差异显著(P<0.05);注射TF组对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化增殖的效果优于注射生理盐水对照组 (P<0.05)。牦牛脾脏转移因子对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖有促进作用,协同刀豆蛋白(ConA)或脂多糖(LPS)对淋巴细胞增殖的效果有增强趋势。