金昌市农户玉米施肥现状调查评估

为了解金昌市农户玉米施肥情况,2015年7月通过问卷调查与田间实地观测相结合的方式,在金昌市金川区及永昌县进行了玉米生产及养分资源投入现状的调查与分析。结果表明:金昌市的玉米种植面积占总调查耕地面积的64.17%,玉米平均产量为(14 762.87±1 649.17)kg/hm~2。玉米生产中N与P_2O_5施用量的变化范围分别为265.5～1 101.0 kg/hm~2和60.0～668.3 kg/hm~2,平均施用量分别为(510.3±178.2)、(235.1±114.5)kg/hm~2。N、P_2O_5及总养分的偏生产力平均值分别为(33.50±19.18)、(77.55±43.77)、(19.93±7.95)kg/kg。说明金昌市农户在玉米生产肥料施用中存在的主要问题是养分投入配置不合理及肥料利用率偏低。     

咪鲜胺、氟环唑及其混配对水稻纹枯病室内毒力及田间防效

为筛选出对水稻纹枯病高效的新配方药剂及剂量,以咪鲜胺和氟环唑混配进行室内抑菌活性、持效期和田间药效测定。采用孙云沛法进行室内联合毒力测定,结果表明,供试的5种混配组合对水稻纹枯病菌的联合毒力均表现为增效,综合联合毒力、成本和持效期等因素,选择30%咪鲜胺·氟环唑微乳剂(2∶1)为最佳田间应用配比。田间药效试验亦表明,30%咪鲜胺·氟环唑微乳剂(20%+10%)158~180g/hm2的用量对水稻纹枯病有较好的防治效果。     

MAPK级联在玉米抗病反应和植保素代谢调控中的作用分析

利用MAPK级联抑制剂U0126和PD98059特异抑制MAPK信号传递途径后,使用禾谷镰刀菌侵染或脱落酸(ABA)处理玉米自交系Mo17幼苗,利用qRT-PCR分析植保素关键基因表达情况,观察MAPK级联对玉米响应禾谷镰刀菌侵染的情况。结果表明,抑制MAPK级联后,玉米叶片对禾谷镰刀菌侵染更加敏感,发病率显著提高,禾谷镰刀菌对植保素相关基因TPS6、An2、CYP71Z18、KSL5和TPS1的诱导受到抑制,且转录因子WRKY79的表达也被抑制,说明在玉米叶片中植保素的产生受MAPK级联的调控。玉米根系在MAPK级联被抑制后,ABA对这些基因表达的诱导同样受到抑制。说明MAPK级联参与植物抗病反应,在玉米叶片和根部MAPK级联可能通过调控转录因子ZmWRKY79参与对植保素代谢的调控,为玉米抗病反应机理研究提供理论依据。     

Modification and Characterization of Nano-TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> for Efficient Fixation on Cotton Fibers

In this paper, a silane coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, was reacted with nano-TiO₂ to introduce amino group onto it which was then reacted with trichlorotriazine to obtain a dichlorotriazine functionalized nano-TiO₂ for the firm fixation of it on cotton fibers. The reaction process was monitored by the titration of primary and secondary amino groups, and the reaction conditions were optimized with orthogonal method accordingly. The dichlorotriazine functionalized nano-TiO₂ was reacted with cotton fabric by the nucleophile substitution reaction to afford nano-TiO₂ functionalized cotton fabric, the structure and surface morphology of the nano-TiO₂ finished cotton fibers were studied by FT-TR and SEM. In addition, the fixation duration of the nano-TiO₂ modified cotton was studied according to AATCC test method 61–2010. The results show that the washing fastness of the nano-TiO₂ is excellent.     

Facile Fabrication of Electrospun Silica Nanofibrous Membrane with Hydrophobic,Oleophilic and Breathable Performances

We report a simple and versatile method to prepare hydrophobic composite SiO₂ membrane. The electrospun SiO₂ membrane was selected due to its good flexibility and thermal stability. The hydrophobic SiO₂ membrane was succussfully prepared by simply evaporating a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer on the fiber surface. The characterization results show that the PDMS layer is too thin to be observed. The PDMS coating has no influence on the porous structure of the fibrous membrane, but imparts the good hydrophobicity and oleophilicity to the SiO₂ nanofibers. As demonstration, the hydrophobic SiO₂-PDMS membrane displays good oil absorption performance from the oil/water mixture, as well as filtration membrane for oil/water separation. Additionally, due to the proper pore size and hydrophobic surface, the SiO₂- PDMS membrane shows good waterproof performance and breathability at the same time.     

Pinnisterols A–C,New 9,11-Secosterols from a Gorgonian Pinnigorgia sp.

Three new 9,11-secosterols, pinnisterols A–C (1–3), were isolated from a gorgonian coral Pinnigorgia sp., collected off the waters of Taiwan. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The new sterols 1 and 3 displayed significant inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils, and sterol 1 was found to show moderate cytotoxicity in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).     

A Population-Size Model for Protein Spot Detection in Proteomic Studies

In proteomic studies, a population of proteins are often examined on a gel using a technique called two-dimensional gel eletrophoresis. The technique separates the protein population into individual protein spots on a two-dimensional gel by isoelectric charge and molecular weight. The resulting gel images are then processed by a software system for spot detection and subsequent analysis. The performance of a spot-detection program is evaluated by the total number of spots that are detected. A popular spot-detection program uses the “master–slave” approach, where all spots on “slave images” are subsets of the spots on the “master image.” We argue that this approach potentially misses a large proportion of proteins and propose a model that quantifies the lack of performance. We provide nonparametric estimators for the protein population size and the expected number of proteins to be detected if a “fusion-gel” approach was used. Using the data from a rat liver proteome study, we estimate that more than half of the protein population is missed by the master–slave approach.