缓释氮肥配施尿素对迟播小麦产量形成及氮素利用的影响

为建立稻茬迟播小麦树脂包膜缓释氮肥高效施肥模式与技术,以冬小麦品种扬麦23为材料,以43%树脂包膜缓释氮肥(PCU,含氮43%)和尿素(U,含氮46%)为氮肥,设置“一次性基施”(A)与“一基一追”(B)2种施肥模式,共形成100%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施(A1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+20%尿素基施(A2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+40%尿素基施(A3)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素返青期追施(B1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素拔节期追施(B2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素返青期追施(B3)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素拔节期追施(B4)等7个施肥处理,分析了缓释氮肥与尿素配施对迟播小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖动态、干物质积累、叶面积指数、SPAD值、氮素利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明,一次性基施模式处理(A1～A3)的小麦产量显著低于常规施肥(CK,基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2);“一基一追”两次施肥模式处理(B1～B4)的产量显著高于CK,泰州与扬州两地分别平均增产5.77%和5.64%,其中B4处理产量最高,分别为8 796....     

茶色素对胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素受体的影响

探讨茶色素对胰岛素抵抗大鼠红细胞胰岛素受体的影响。将50只清洁级SD大鼠随机分成对照组、高脂组和低中高剂量茶色素干预组。高脂组和茶色素干预组以高脂饲料饲喂8周诱发肥胖致胰岛素抵抗模型,茶色素干预组再给予0.1、0.2g/(kgbw·d)和0.4g/(kgbw·d)剂量茶色素灌胃8周,实验结束后采血测定红细胞胰岛素受体水平,同时测定血糖、血胰岛素、血FFA及血痩素。与对照组相比,高脂组空腹胰岛素、痩素和FFA明显升高(P<0.05),而红细胞高亲和力受体数目明显降低(P<0.05),与高脂组相比,中高剂量茶色素干预组空腹胰岛素、痩素和FFA明显降低(P<0.05),而红细胞高亲和力胰岛素受体数目明显升高(P<0.05)。说明茶色素干预可提高胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素高亲和力受体数目,其机制可能与降低痩素和FFA水平间接提高受体数目或直接作用于受体基因调节元件有关     

真菌对东北白桦木材化学成分的影响

为分析真菌对东北白桦木材化学成分的影响,有效的防治白桦木材变色,本研究对2种变色真菌引起的变色白桦木材A、B、C的化学成分进行了分析,结果表明,变色木材中的木素、a-纤维素含量基本未变,半纤维素含量降低。而聚戊糖由16.83%,分别降低到15.31%、15.31%及15.51%,通过冷热水、1%氢氧化钠、苯醇抽提物分析可见,4种抽提物含量增加明显,表明低分子化合物及糖类、可溶性无机盐等是变色真菌的营养源。对真菌间作用的分析结果表明,2种变色真菌间存在竞争关系,由此可以寻求防治变色的一条新途——生物防变色。     

吡虫啉与三种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对马铃薯桃蚜的联合毒力

本文探讨了吡虫啉分别与氰戊菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯复配对马铃薯桃蚜的防治效果,为合理有效地应用复配剂对其进行化学防治提供依据。应用共毒因子法和共毒系数法分别确定了最佳药剂配伍和最佳复配比例。采用共毒因子法测定结果表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯混配对马铃薯桃蚜防治有明显增效作用。进一步采用共毒系数法测定表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯复配比例为2∶3时,增效作用最显著,共毒系数达276.82;吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯以6∶1复配时,表现出拮抗作用。     

Neuraminidase production by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

In order to characterise neuraminidase activity by Erysipelothrix, 85 isolates of Erysipelothrix spp. from a variety of sources including human clinical, marine and terrestrial animals, and the environment were investigated for neuraminidase production. Neuraminidase activity was detected by a peanut lectin haemagglutination method. The effects of media, incubation conditions and pH on the production and activity of neuraminidase were also investigated. Enzyme activity was detected only in the supernatants of the isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae which had been incubated in cooked meat broth and Todd Hewitt broth supplemented with horse serum after 16 and 36 h incubation at 37 degrees C. The maximum titres were reached at 40 h in cooked meat broth and 56 h in Todd Hewitt broth supplemented with horse serum. All 58 isolates and the type strain (ATCC 19414) of E. rhusiopathiae produced detectable neuraminidase activity with titres between 10 and 320. The optimal pH for the enzyme activity varied among the isolates with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 covering the highest enzyme activity of the most. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of neuraminidase activity between isolates from different sources (p > 0.05). Neuraminidase activity was not detected in the non-pathogenic Erysipelothrix spp. such as E. tonsillarum. Neuraminidase was detected only in E. rhusiopathiae suggesting its possible role as a virulence factor. Enzyme production and activity were medium and pH dependent. The peanut lectin haemagglutination assay is a simple, rapid and sensitive method and is particularly useful for the analysis of multiple samples.     

我国兔毛品质研究状况的探讨

通过对兔毛纤维类型、物理特性和结构特征的分析,并与相关动物纤维作比较,探讨了兔毛在纺织上的应用价值。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs: owners' perspectives on management with phenobarbitone and/or potassium bromide

OBJECTIVES: To explore seizure management from the perspective of the owners of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to owners of 29 dogs under management for suspected or diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy through the clinics of the Small Animal Hospital of the University of Glasgow Veterinary School, using either phenobarbitone or potassium bromide alone or in combination. RESULTS: The postal survey had an 86 per cent response rate. Analysis of the responses demonstrated that "the dog's quality of life", "adequate seizure frequency" and "acceptable side effects of antiepileptic drugs" were the three greatest concerns for owners; 52 per cent of owners strongly agreed that the seizure management for their dog was adequate, though the seizure frequency reported varied within this group; the majority of owners did not consider the administration of medication a nuisance. However, approximately 60 per cent of owners reported that caring for an epileptic dog had an effect on the organisation of their free time, though this was not dependent on perception of seizure control. Opinions as to the value of further diagnostic procedures, in particular intracranial imaging, were significantly affected by having pet health insurance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: From the owners' perspective, adequacy of seizure control is determined by the balance between "the dog's quality of life", "adequate seizure frequency" and "acceptable side effects of antiepileptic drugs". A frequency of less than one seizure every three months is associated with the perception by owners of adequate seizure control.     

作物中4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶的遗传进化分析

4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)是苯丙烷类代谢途径的关键酶。2014年着重以水稻、大豆、玉米为研究对象,通过收集4CL基因完整的c DNA和编码氨基酸序列的数据,利用Mobyle、EMB0SS、DNAMAN以及MEGA5.0和Clustalx 1.83等生物信息学软件对数据进行分析比较,从而对4 CL基因的遗传进化及密码子使用进行分析总结。本研究构建了4CL的系统发生树,研究基因的密码子偏好性,比对分析酶的保守区,为进一步研究4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶在农作物中的应用提供理论支持,为研究其次级代谢产物木质素及黄酮类物质的合成、积累和调控奠定基础。