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31.
Hiskett EK Suwitheechon OU Lindbloom-Hawley S Boyle DL Schermerhorn T 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(3):227-240
In most mammals, glucokinase (GK) acts as a hepatic “glucose sensor” that permits hepatic metabolism to respond appropriately
to changes in plasma glucose concentrations. GK activity is potently regulated by the glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP),
which is encoded by the GCKR gene. GKRP binds GK in the nucleus and inhibits its activity. GK becomes active when it is released from GKRP and translocates
to the cytosol. Low glucokinase (GK) activity is reported to be a principal feature of feline hepatic carbohydrate metabolism
but the molecular pathways that regulate GK activity are not known. This study examined the hypothesis that species-specific
differences in GKRP expression parallel the low GK activity observed in feline liver. Hepatic GKRP expression was examined
using RT-PCR, immunoblot, and confocal immunomicroscopy. The results show that the GCKR gene is present in the feline genome but GCKR mRNA and the GKRP protein were absent in feline liver. The lack of GKRP expression in feline liver indicates that the low
GK activity cannot be the result of GKRP-mediated inhibition of the GK enzyme. However, the absence of the permissive effects
of GCKR expression on GK expression and activity may contribute to reduced GK enzyme activity in feline liver. The study results
show that the cat is a natural model for GCKR knockout and may be useful to study regulation of GCKR expression and its role in hepatic glucose-sensing and carbohydrate metabolism. 相似文献
32.
Sara T. Elazab Nahla S. Elshater Yousreya H. Hashem Seung-Chun Park Walter H. Hsu 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(1):57-66
The pharmacokinetics of tylosin were investigated in 3 groups of ducks (n = 6). They received a single dose of tylosin (50 mg/kg) by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral administrations, respectively. Plasma samples were collected at various time points to 24 hr post-administration to evaluate tylosin concentration over time. Additionally, tylosin residues in tissues and its withdrawal time were assessed using 30 ducks which received tylosin orally (50 mg/kg) once daily for 5 consecutive days. After IV administration, the volume of distribution, elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration–time curve, and the total body clearance were 7.07 ± 1.98 L/kg, 2.04 hr, 19.47 µg hr/ml, and 2.82 L hr−1 kg−1, respectively. After IM and oral administrations, the maximum plasma concentrations were 3.70 and 2.75 µg/ml achieved at 1 and 2 hr, and the bioavailability was 93.95% and 75.77%, respectively. The calculated withdrawal periods of tylosin were 13, 8, and 5 days for kidney, liver, and muscle, respectively. For the pharmacodynamic profile, the minimum inhibitory concentration for tylosin against M. anatis strain 1,340 was 1 µg/ml. The calculated optimal oral dose of tylosin against M. anatis in ducks based on the ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling was 61 mg kg−1 day−1. 相似文献
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36.
Michael H. Woodford 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1023-1033
Proliferation of disease pathogens capable of affecting humans, domestic livestock and wildlife increasingly threatens environmental
security and biodiversity. Livestock and wild animals in proximity to human beings are often in the chain of transmission
and infection. Globalization of industrial livestock production (especially poultry upon which so much of the burgeoning human
population depends) often permits transcontinental disease spread. Rapidly expanding (and often illegal) international trade
in wild and domestic animals and their products are increasingly involved in the emergence of new diseases that may have the
ability to transmit among humans, livestock and wildlife. Rapidly increasing urbanization has led in many places to overcrowded
townships that rely on “bushmeat” for sustenance and has contributed to the emergence of virulent zoonotic pathogens. The
emergence and proliferation of pathogens are exacerbated by anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes in order to
increase agricultural and livestock production. This paper posits that data gathered by veterinary ecologists should be interpreted
and used by other disciplines. The importance of a thorough knowledge of the “natural history” (ecology) of the disease agent
and its human, domestic and wild hosts is stressed. 相似文献
37.
Research in control of tick-borne diseases and trypanosomosis, and their vectors, namely, ticks and tsetse flies respectively,
has been on going for decades. However, very little attention has been paid to the socio-economic factors that are likely
to influence the outcome of the interventions in the control of these diseases. Thus, this study was designed to investigate
these factors, mainly the intra-household factors influencing decision-making in the control of Vector-borne diseases in the
pastoralist areas of Uganda. These factors included: indigenous technical knowledge, household economic factors, and gender.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the collection and analysis of data. The tools used for data collection
included among others, participatory learning and action (PLA), and Case studies. The findings included the following: In
pastoralist households, a big proportion of the household budget was allocated to vector-borne diseases control. In the male-headed
households, men dominated decision-making on vector-borne diseases control, although the goals and priorities of men and women
in these households were not the same. Also, vector-borne disease control was predominantly by use of modern veterinary drugs,
and pastoralists treated sick cattle by themselves even in situations where there were veterinary personnel. 相似文献
38.
Ba A Lesnoff M Poccard-Chapuis R Moulin CH 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1101-1109
The herds of 95 families were monitored for 1 year in eight villages in the cotton-growing region of southern Mali. In 2006–2007,
reproduction performances were average, with 0.54 calvings/year per cow, and mortality was low. Herd numerical productivity
is not very high, less than 0.13/year, because of the high proportion of males kept for animal draught. Depending on the herd
size, the behaviour of the families differs, in terms of off-take and in-take of animals. Families that only have one or two
draught animals seek to increase their animal draught capacity, with a negative net off-take (−0.13/year). Families with two
to three cows have a very low net off-take (0.02/year), with culling of adult animals compensated by purchase. They therefore
capitalised this year, with an annual herd growth of 8%. Families with a very large herd (20 to 50 cows) take off more of
their stock, with a net off-take of 0.08/year (very few animal purchases) and make a stock growth of 5%. And finally, families
with an average-sized herd (6 to 19 cows) take off the whole of the year’s production, with a net off-take of 0.11/year and
a nil stock growth rate. The use of a demographic model made it possible to measure the sensitivity of the productivity rate
to the different demographic parameters. 相似文献
39.
Moazenijula G Jabbari AR Geravand MM Banihashemi R Hajizadeh A 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1471-1474
The anaphylactic reactions in cattle following leptospira vaccination mostly booster dose in different parts of Iran have
been reported. The serum proteins as allergic substances are components of liquid phase of the vaccine. Therefore, the vaccine
was modified by washing the whole cultures by centrifugations. The modified vaccine was safe in laboratory animals and cattle
as well as under field conditions. Microagglutination test revealed a similar pattern of antibody response to the three Leptospira interrogans serovars (Canicola, Grippotyphosa, and Sejro hardjo) in all vaccinated cattle groups while was higher than the response of
control animals. The results of the present investigation revealed that we can minimize postvaccination shock in vaccinated
cattle populations with removing the shock proteins. 相似文献