Disposition of suprofen enantiomers in the cat.

Suprofen (SPF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which belongs to the 2-arylpropionic acids subclass. As a result of their chiral characteristics, these compounds have shown a marked enantioselective behaviour with a high degree of interspecies variation. They are mainly eliminated by glucuronidation. Plasma, biliary and urine disposition of SPF was investigated in the cat after intravenous administration of the racemate (dose 2 mg/kg). Both enantiomers exhibited similar disposition profiles in plasma with no evidence of chiral inversion. During bile sampling time, recovered acylglucuronides of R (-) and S (+) SPF were less than 1% of the total dose administered. Only free SPF was recovered in the urine, representing 0.12% of the administered racemic SPF dose. The results indicate that neither chiral inversion nor glucuronidation predominate in SPF disposition in cats. Copyright Harcourt Publishers Ltd.     

A preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics of fenoprofen enantiomers following intravenous administration of the racemate to cats

Veterinary Research Communications -     

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus in Swedish organic and conventional dairy herds

Background

Infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine coronavirus (BoCV) are endemic to the cattle populations in most countries, causing respiratory and/or enteric disease. It has been demonstrated that herds can remain free from these infections for several years also in high prevalence areas. Organically managed (OM) dairy herds have been shown to have lower seroprevalence of both viruses compared to conventionally managed (CM) herds. The objective of this study was to challenge the hypothesis of a lower occurrence of BRSV and BoCV in OM compared to CM dairy herds.In November 2011, May 2012 and May 2013 milk samples from four homebred primiparous cows were collected in 75 to 65 OM and 69 to 62 CM herds. The antibody status regarding BRSV and BoCV was analysed with commercial indirect ELISAs. Herds were classified as positive if at least one individual sample was positive.

Results

The prevalence of positive herds ranged from 73.4% to 82.3% for BRSV and from 76.8% to 85.3% for BoCV among OM and CM herds, over the three sampling occasions. There was no statistically significant difference between OM and CM herds at any sampling occasion. The incidence risk of newly infected herds did not differ statistically between OM and CM herds at any sampling occasion, neither for BRSV nor for BoCV. The incidence of herds turning sero-negative between samplings corresponded to the incidence of newly infected. Bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were also sampled in the herds and analysed. Several herds were negative on individual samples but positive in BTM. Herd-level data on production, health and reproduction were retrieved from VÄXA Sweden and the study herds were representative of the source population.

Conclusion

There was no difference in prevalence of or incidence risk for BRSV or BoCV between Swedish OM and CM herds. Because the incidence of herds becoming seropositive was balanced by herds becoming seronegative it should be possible to lower the prevalence of these two infections among Swedish dairy cattle herds if biosecurity is improved.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-014-0091-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Reproductive performance in female strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

The Nile tilapia is among the most cultivated tropical fish in the world, yet little is known about the variations in reproductive characteristics among different strains. There is an interest in evaluating the reproductive performance of females of three tilapia strains. All strains were represented in equal proportion (n = 225), being named as Supreme (SUP), Premium Aquabel (PA), and Chitralada (CHI). These fish were cultivated for 7 weeks in the Aquabel Pisciculture Station (Brazil), from January to March 2011. The PA was the largest strain, with the highest values in all the morphometric parameters we analyzed (weight, total length, standard length and body depth). Among the evaluated reproductive parameters, the PA strain differed significantly from the other two in number and weight of eggs/female, volume of eggs/spawn and number of eggs/kg of fish. The percentage of non-spawning females in the SUP and CHI strains differed significantly from one another, while results for PA showed intermediate values and no significance compared to the other strains (P > 0.05). Among the reproductive parameters analyzed, the percentage of spawned females/week, more than one spawns during 7 weeks, and hatching rate showed no significant differences between strains (P > 0.05). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.69) between water temperature and percentage of spawned females/week. When evaluating the interval between two consecutive spawns, we observed that periods of 21 days were the most frequent in all strains. In conclusion, the strain that showed the best results in all morphometric and in most reproductive parameters we evaluated was the PA.     

Novel genotyping assay for the nt230 (del4) ABCB1 gene mutation and its allele frequency in Border Collie dogs in Mexico

A 4-bp deletion in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene, also referred to as the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), produces stop codons that cause premature termination of P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp) synthesis. Dogs with the homozygous mutation do not express functional P-gp, which increases their sensitivity markedly to many common veterinary drugs. We detected the nt230 (del4) ABCB1 mutation in Border Collie dogs in western Mexico with a simple and affordable primer-introduced restriction analysis PCR (PIRA-PCR). PIRA-PCR clearly identified all genotypes in our sample of 104 dogs. Genotype frequencies were 0.952 (wild/wild), 0.029 (wild/mut) and 0.019 (mut/mut). Allele frequencies were 0.033 (mutant alleles) and 0.966 (wild-type alleles). In this small subset of the Mexican dog population, we found a higher prevalence of the nt230 (del4) MDR1/ABCB1 gene mutation than reported in other countries.     

Demography of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins living in a protected inverse estuary

相似文献