水稻纹枯病菌核的浮沉特性与超微结构的关系研究

研究水稻纹枯病菌核的浮沉现象与超微结构的关系及不同生态条件下的菌核结构的差异性,结果表明,菌核具有浮水性,沉水性和转变性等特点,电镜扫描显示菌核的浮沉特性与菌核内外层组织解剖结构有密切关系。外层空细胞腔的厚薄决定菌核的浮沉。浮核外层较厚。沉核外层较薄,用化学药剂处理可使菌核浮或沉,甚至多次反复转变,此外,不同生态条件下形成的菌核其形成结构存在明显差异。     

不同性别湖羊生长激素分泌特点的比较

6 头装有颈静脉插管的成年湖羊,雌雄各半,按性别分组,间隔 15 min 连续采取 3 h 的血样,用放射免疫分析法研究了不同性别湖羊生长激素的分泌特点。结果显示成年湖羊的生长激素呈脉冲式分泌;与雌性相比,雄性湖羊生长激素的总体水平高 179．60％(P＜0．01),基线水平高 124．84％(P＜0．01),峰强度高 272．80％(P＜0．01),3 h 峰频率则高一倍(P＜0．01)、而峰持续时间基本不变。以上结果表明湖羊生长激素的分泌有性别的差异,雄性湖羊生长激素分泌的量比雌性湖羊生长激素分泌的量高。     

不同细菌饲喂细菌线虫对土壤细菌数量、活性以及群落结构的影响

The effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes on bacterial number, activity, and community composition were studied through a microcosm experiment using sterilized soil inoculated with soil bacteria （soil suspension） and with bacteria and three species of bacterial-feeding nematodes （ Cephalobus persegnis, Protorhabditis filiformis, and Caenorhabditis elegans）. Catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization, CO2 evolution, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of PCR ampli- fied 16S rRNA gene fragments were used to investigate bacterial numbers, antivity, and community composition, respectively. Our results showed that bacterial numbers and activity significantly increased in the presence of bacterial-feeding nematodes, which indicated that bacterial-feeding nematodes had a significant positive effect on soil bacteria. The different nematode species had different effects on bacterial numbers and activity. C. persegnis and P. filiformis, isolated from native soil, increased the bacterial number and activity more than C. elegans. The DGGE analysis results showed that dominant bacterial species significantly differed among the treatments, which suggested that bacterial-feeding nematode species modified the bacterial community composition in soil. Further gene sequence analysis results showed that the dominant bacterial species in this study were gram-negative bacteria. Given the completely same conditions except nematode species, the varied selective feeding behavior of different nematode species was the most likely reason for the altered bacterial community composition. Overall, the alteration of bacterial numbers, activity and community composition resulting from the bacterial-feeding nematodes may ult!mately affect soil ecological functioning and processes.     

Effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum sex hormones in overweight subjects

(-) Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), an active ingredient extracted from the Garcinia cambogia fruit rind, has been commonly used as a dietary supplement for weight management. Given the controversy over HCA related testicular toxicity in animal studies, we investigated changes in serum sex hormones levels as an extension of our previous double-blind placebo-controlled trial in human subjects, in which 44 participants received either G. cambogia extract (1667.3 mg/day equivalent to 1000 mg HCA/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Compared to the placebo group, administration of the extract did not significantly alter the serum testosterone, estrone, and estradiol levels. Similarly, hematology, serum triacylglycerol and serum clinical pathology parameters did not reveal any significant adverse effects. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that ingestion of G. cambogia extract at dose levels commonly recommended for human use does not affect serum sex hormone levels and blood parameters.     

施氮对不同栽培模式旱地土壤有机碳氮和供氮能力的影响

【目的】研究不同栽培模式下,施氮量对西北旱地土壤有机碳氮累积及供氮能力的影响。【方法】通过5年(2002-2007年)定位大田试验,以不施氮为对照,比较不同施氮量(120,240kg/hm2)对常规、覆草和覆膜3种栽培模式土壤有机碳氮累积和供氮能力的影响。【结果】施氮0,120,240kg/hm2时,覆草栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.74,9.57,9.19g/kg,全氮含量为0.99,1.02,1.03g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为25.0,26.7,29.7mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.053,0.062,0.056/d;覆膜栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.82,8.78,9.80g/kg,全氮含量为0.98,0.98,0.95g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为23.2,25.8,24.1mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.058,0.061,0.072/d;常规栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.79,9.93,9.20g/kg,全氮含量为0.93,0.99,0.96g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为23.2,26.2,25.7mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.057,0.061,0.063/d。【结论】施氮能提高3个栽培模式土壤的供氮能力,促进土壤氮素的矿化。适量氮肥能够提高常规模式土壤的有机碳含量,但会降低覆草和覆膜土壤的有机碳含量,故在采用地表覆盖模式栽培时需配施有机肥。     

不同磷效率玉米自交系干物质积累与分配的影响

采用小区试验,在施磷和不施磷条件下,研究了不同磷效率玉米自交系干物质积累的动态变化.结果表明:在苗期干物质积累过程中呈现出物质由老叶转移至新叶的趋势.其中,磷的中效基因型表现为较强的递减趋势,而低效基因型表现为较弱的递减趋势.在不施磷处理条件下,中效基因型的干物质积累量大于低效基因型.     

不同冠层群体棉花的源库分布特点

通过对北疆棉花主栽品种中棉36号,在三种不同打顶条件下,群体冠层结构的源库分布特点的分析.结果表明,在相同的管理水平下,此品种在2×104株/667m2经打顶处理2次的条件下群体光合速率达到峰值后下降缓慢,仍具有较强的光合能力;在盛铃期生殖器官干重较其他都高,通风透光良好;叶片叶面积指数适中有利于干物质积累和分配,此处理产量较其他处理都高.     

低能离子束介导大豆DNA的小麦雄性不育变异体蛋白水解酶分析

离子束介导转基因技术[1,2]为远缘分子杂交育种开辟了一条新途径.近年来,这项技术引起了越来越多的育种工作者的关注和应用[3,4],我们运用这项技术,将大豆DNA导入小麦,在当代就获得了一批性状优良的新株系[4].通过对新材料的连续筛选,在第3代发现有个别材料分离出雄性不育变异株(见表1).我们利用复性电泳技术对雄性不育株和可     

香菇新品种L934和L937品比试验

香菇栽培品比试验的研究表明,新品种L934和L937具有高产、优质、耐低温的优点适用于代料栽培,可以大面积推广。     

龟纹瓢虫残食同种卵行为的研究

本文初次研究了龟纹瓢虫残食同种卵的行为。结果表明:龟纹瓢虫幼虫和成虫均有明显的残食同种卵行为。初孵幼虫取食2粒卵即可完成一龄发育,但生存时间明显延长。以其卵作食料可完成幼虫发育,但发育历期较慢;成虫残食同种卵则无生殖能力。因此认为,当自然界缺乏猎物时,龟纹瓢虫卵可作为增加它的生存机会及种群延续的一种替换食料。这种残食同种卵行为对于种群自我调节和繁衍有着重要的生物学意义。