Establishment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rat models by passive cigarette smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide

AIM:To establish rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) models by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of lipopolysacchride(LPS) or passive cigarette smoking only, which would be similar to the pathogenesis of human COPD. METHODS:48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.(1) Healthy control I group(n=12), rats were bred 4 weeks;healthy control II group(n=12), rats were bred for 3months. (2) Model group I (n=12), 200μg lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was instilled intratracheally once for every two weeks and the rats were exposured to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 4 weeks.(3) Model group II(n=12),rats were exposed to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 3 months. The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissues, pulmonary function and blood gas analysis were determined. The airway wall lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages were counted. The cross areas of epithelial layer, smooth muscle layer and lamina propria of bronchi were measured. The hydroxyproline of lung tissue homogenates was determined by biochemistry method.RESULTS:The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissue of two models were similar to but milder than those of COPD patients(biopsy data). The collagen deposition and the cross areas of epithelial layer and smooth muscle layer in airway walls of two model groups were significantly increased than those of control groups(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).FEV_0.3/FVC% of two model groups, PaO₂ and SaO₂ of model I group were significantly decreased, while R_i and R_e in model I group were significantly increased than that of control I group(P＜0.05). The PaCO₂ and the counts of lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages of both model groups were significantly increased than those of the control groups (P＜0.01). Lots of alveolar macrophages had phagocyted smoke granules. The amounts of hydroxyproline of two model groups were significantly increased than those of control group((P＜0.05) and were negatively related to the FEV_0.3/FVC%, respectively (P＜0.01,P＜0.01) and positively related to airway resistance of model I group(P＜0.01). CONCLUSIONS:COPD rat models were successfully established by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of LPS and cigarette smoking only. The pathologic changes were similar but milder than those of COPD patients. The airway obstruction of model I group was more severe than that of model II group, but they have no significant difference.     

Effects of platelet-derived growth factor on DNA and collagen protein synthesis in human vascular fibroblasts

AIM: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor on DNA and collagen protein synthesis in human vascular fibroblasts. METHODS: In the present experiment, the human vascular fibroblasts were cultured and effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on DNA and collagen protein synthesis in human vascular fibroblasts were observed by using [³H]-TdR incorporation and [³H]-proline incorporation in vitro. RESULTS: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB significantly promoted NDA synthesis and collagen protein synthesis of quiescent human vascular fibroblasts, with a maximal response at a concentration of 30μg·L^-1at 24 h and 36 h, respectively. CONCLUSION: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB promotes DNA and collagen protein synthesis in cultured human vascular fibroblasts.     

国产克洛素隆尿药排泄数据分析

应用Kromasil-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),WatersTM480型可调波长紫外检测器,0.01M磷酸钾(pH=7):乙腈(3:1)为流动相,检测波长265 nm,含量测定采用标准曲线法,建立了RP-HPLC法检测绵羊尿中克洛素隆含量的方法.方法有效性评价结果表明,尿药含量在0.01～5.0μg/ml及5.0～30.0μg/ml范围呈良好线形关系(r=0.9993、0.9995),方法平均回收率99.32%,日内、日间变异系数分别为3.91%、6.28%.尿药最低检测限0.005μg/ml.试验绵羊以7 mg/kg单剂量经静脉、肌肉及口服三种途径给药后,尿中药物浓度分析表明,克洛素隆经体内处理后主要经肾脏排泄,给药96 h内,静注经尿排泄原药为81.76%,肌注为64.03%,口服为48.50%.     

二棘血蜱叮咬中华硬蜱纯化抗原免疫接种宿主后的交叉免疫反应

选用中华硬蜱105kD柱层析纯化抗原对新西兰兔进行免疫接种,再用二棘血蜱进行叮咬,并与单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组和佐剂对照组进行对比,以探讨不同种属硬蜱之间的交叉免疫抗性。结果显示:单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组吸血量为181 3±44 3mg,而二棘血蜱叮咬由中华硬蜱105kD纯化抗原免疫接种组和佐剂对照组新西兰兔后其吸血量分别为102 1±25 3mg和168 5±40 9mg,纯化抗原免疫接种组较单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组和佐剂对照组吸血量分别下降43 7%和39 4%(P<0 01)。同时,纯化抗原免疫接种组也较单纯二棘血蜱叮咬组和佐剂对照组产卵量有显著下降。该研究结果表明中华硬蜱和二棘血蜱之间存在着交叉免疫反应。     

半自然条件下几种赤眼蜂及品系对亚洲玉米螟卵寄生能力比较

在半自然条件(田间网罩)下,将人工饲养的玉米螟卵按4、8、16块/株3个处理分别固定在网罩内的玉米植株中上部叶片上,然后每网罩分别引入供试赤眼蜂20头,24 h后更换玉米螟卵块,连续3 d。7 d后调查供寄生的玉米螟卵被寄生率及羽化率。结果表明:在半自然条件下广赤眼蜂伊朗1-1品系虽寄生能力高于其他供试品系,但到第2、3天明显降低;玉米螟赤眼蜂北京6-2-2品系每天均维持一个较平稳的寄生能力,产卵量在时间上的分配比较分散,并在第2、3天显示出比其他品系较高的寄生潜能。广赤眼蜂伊朗1-1品系的卵块寄生数量可随卵块密度的增加而增加,而其他品系则在各处理密度下,寄生数量基本没有变化;从卵粒寄生率看,广赤眼蜂伊朗1-1和吉林1-2两个品系的寄生数量随卵块密度的增加而大幅度提高,其他品系增加幅度较小。     

Effects of non-excitatory electric stimulation on cardiac function in normal and infarcted heart rabbits and it's regional effect on myocardium

AIM: To investigate the influences of electric stimulation applied during the absolute refractory period (ARP) on the cardiac function of normal rabbits and rabbits after myocardial infarction (MI) and to observe the regional effects of this electric stimulation. METHODS: 64 rabbits were randomly assigned to normal and MI groups and each group was then divided into the anterior and posterior groups. A thoracotomy was performed 4 weeks after MI in rabbits. One set of electrodes was inserted into the anterior and posterior wall of left ventricle of the anterior and posterior groups, respectively. Current pulses were delivered during the ARP (called CCM) during sinus rhythm in rabbits. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) as well as maximum positive and negative left ventricular pressure change (±dp/dt_max) were observed. RESULTS: In the normal and MI groups, LVSP, +dp/dt_max significantly increased, and LVEDP, -dp/dt_max were reduced during CCM stimulation compared with the baseline (P<0.05). In the normal rabbits, electric stimulation in the anterior group improved the cardiac function more significantly than that in the posterior group (P<0.05). In the MI rabbits, there was no difference between the anterior and the posterior groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Electric stimulation delivered during the ARP significantly enhances the contractility and the relaxation of myocardium in normal rabbits and rabbits after MI, and the effects of CCM stimulation on heart are regional.     

马立克氏病病毒pp38基因启动子和增强子的部分功能

通过 PCR技术 ,以马立克氏病病毒 (MDV) RB1B株基因组 DNA为模板 ,扩增了包括 pp38基因及其启动子 -增强子和终止子在内的 2 2 0 0 bp的核酸片段。将该片段用 Sac 和 Sph 酶定向克隆到 p U C18质粒中 ,构建成重组质粒 ;将重组质粒转染鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF) ,用小鼠抗大肠杆菌表达的 pp38血清作间接免疫荧光试验 ,验证 pp38基因的表达。结果 ,在转染的细胞浆中看到了绿色的荧光 ,证实了该启动子的单向启动活性     

锌对雏鸭外周血T-淋巴细胞的影响

15 0只 1日龄天府肉鸭健雏随机分为 3组 ,分别喂给缺锌 (每千克日粮含 Zn 2 2 .9mg)、对照 (每千克日粮含 Zn10 0 mg)和锌中毒 (每 kg日粮含 Zn130 0 mg)日粮 7周或 4周 ,以酸性 - α-醋酸萘酯酶 (ANAE)染色法观测外周血 T-淋巴细胞的动态变化。结果锌缺乏组和锌中毒组雏鸭外周血 T-淋巴细胞的 ANAE阳性率显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,表明锌缺乏或锌中毒可抑制 T-淋巴细胞的生成 ,降低其在外周血中的数量。本试验还对锌缺乏和锌中毒引起的外周血 T-淋巴细胞减少的机理进行了探讨     

细胞因子对小尾寒羊胎盘成熟的影响

为了研究细胞因子对小尾寒羊胎盘成熟的影响 ,本实验采用液相竞争法和平衡法 ,对小尾寒羊空怀期 (n=5 )和妊娠期 (n=13)第 85天、10 5天、12 5天、14 0天和 15 0天 (足月 )时的血清白细胞介素 - 1β(IL - 1β)、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的含量分别进行检测。结果表明 ,IL - 1β和 IL - 6含量在 12 5天时与对照组间差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ,TNF含量在各时期与对照组差异均显著 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 )。随着妊娠过程的进展 ,三种细胞因子含量逐渐增加 ,12 5天时达到最高值 ,分别为 0 .390± 0 .196 ng/ ml,5 79.8± 15 2 .8pg/ ml和 2 .348± 0 .396 ng/ ml。而后逐渐下降 ,到足月前略有回升 ,但仍低于 12 5天时的最高值。由此看出小尾寒羊在妊娠期间 ,细胞因子与妊娠之间有着密切的关系 ,前者对于维持妊娠起到重要作用。由于 14 0天至足月3种细胞因子基本稳定 ,这表明胎盘于 14 0天左右达到成熟 ,IL- 1β和 IL- 6与启动分娩有关 ,而 TNF可能参与小尾寒羊分娩的启动。     

猫细小病毒NS部分基因的克隆及序列分析

将疫苗用猫细小病毒(FPV)株提取基因组DNA,针对NS特定片段设计引物,利用PCR扩增出了部分基因并将该基因克隆到pMD18-T Vector中测序.结果表明,该基因长613bp,编码204个氨基酸.分离株基因与犬的细小病毒(CPV)、貂的细小病毒(MEV)毒株核苷酸同源性均为99%.氨基酸同源性达到97%、98%以上,与犬、貂的肠炎病毒有密切的亲缘关系.