渔业生态标签制度及其启示

渔业生态标签制度迎合了当前绿色消费潮流,利用市场激励机制和消费者对绿色鱼产品的偏好引导生产者自觉关注环保,促进渔业可持续发展,并缓解了渔业贸易与环境之间的矛盾,是一种有效的渔业管理手段。目前渔业生态标签存在不可靠性、不统一性与实施成本较高并可能被滥用为绿色贸易壁垒等不足,应进一步增加其科学性、真实性和透明度,开展各国间的协调互认,并给予发展中国家一定的帮助。中国目前存在无公害鱼产品、绿色鱼产品和有机鱼产品3种标签认证制度,存在标准不统一、缺乏有效监督管理机制且与国际标准不相一致等问题,因而需要根据国际标准建立统一的国家标准,并通过制定完善相应法规建立配套的渔业标签监管机制。     

Effect of electroacupuncture on microglia phenotype in injured abducens nerve

AIM: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture treatment on microglia phenotype in Beagle dogs with abducens nerve injury. METHODS: Healthy adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group, sham operation group, injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group, with 5 dogs in each group. In sham operation group, only the isolated nerves were exposed. In injury group, the dogs were restrained when electroacupuncture was performed in electroacupuncture treatment group. In electroacupuncture treatment group, electroacupuncture was performed on the base of dog nerve injury. The experiment was continued for 2 weeks. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of M1 and M2 markers in the microglia. RESULTS: The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in injury group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). In electroacupuncture treatment group, the expression of iNOS was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of arginase in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was increased compared with control group (P<0.05). But the expression of BDNF in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: After abducens nerve injury, electroacupuncture treatment reduces the expression levels of M1 marker proteins in microglia and increases the expression levels of M2 marker proteins.     

不同繁殖季节绵羊卵巢组织中piRNAs序列特征及表达差异分析

为了分析绵羊卵巢组织中piRNAs的序列特征及不同繁殖季节绵羊卵巢组织中piRNAs的表达差异,本试验采用Solexa测序技术对休情季节（休情期）和发情季节（卵泡期和黄体期）滩羊卵巢组织进行高通量测序,采用生物信息学方法筛选绵羊卵巢中的piRNAs,对piRNAs的长度分布、首位碱基偏好、基因组来源、染色体分布、链特异性、ping-pong循环特征、piRNAs比对重复序列类型进行分析,并对发情季节与休情季节绵羊卵巢之间差异表达的piRNAs进行靶基因预测及其靶基因的GO功能和KEGG Pathway富集分析。结果显示,绵羊卵巢中不同长度的piRNAs首位碱基偏好性不一致;3个时期（休情期、黄体期和卵泡期）的piRNAs均主要比对到基因内含子、编码区及lncRNA区域,而比对到重复序列的piRNAs相对较少;绵羊卵巢piRNAs在染色体上呈不均匀分布;绵羊piRNAs簇存在很强的链特异性,但首位碱基偏好性不明显;3个时期的piRNAs均无明显的ping-pong循环特征。KEGG富集分析发现,差异piRNA靶基因主要富集在RNA运输通路（RNA transport pathway）、嘌呤代谢通路（purine metabolism pathway）、黏着斑通路（focal adhesion）、PI3K-Akt信号通路（PI3K-Akt signaling pathway）、Hippo信号通路（Hippo signaling pathway）等与绵羊繁殖相关的通路。本研究揭示了不同繁殖季节绵羊卵巢组织中的piRNAs序列特征,暗示绵羊卵巢组织中的piRNAs可能通过BAD等基因和黏着斑通路等调控绵羊季节性繁殖,为深入解析绵羊季节性发情分子机制提供一定参考。     

平原地区林地管理中存在的问题及对策

通过对林地概念、林地特征、各法律之间的相互关系等方面的阐述和分析,提出了林地的认定依据和标准,并就平原地区林地管理中存在的几个问题提出了处理方法。     

翻耕补播措施对宁夏荒漠草原土壤碳氮储量的影响

以3种翻耕补播方式(深翻耕补播、浅翻耕补播和免耕补播,播量30kg/hm²)及深翻补播不同播量(7.5kg/hm²、15kg/hm²和22.5kg/hm²)为研究对象,以封育未补播为对照,研究了不同翻耕补播措施对宁夏荒漠草原土壤碳氮储量的影响。结果表明:封育未补播处理可提高0～10cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量;深翻耕补播可显著提高10～20cm和20～40cm土层土壤有机碳含量,深翻耕补播和深翻-播量15.0kg/hm²可分别提高土壤10～20cm和20～40cm土层土壤全氮含量。深翻耕补播、深翻-播量15.0kg/hm²、7.5kg/hm²和封育未补播措施均可提高浅层(0～10cm)土壤碳氮比;浅翻耕补播和深翻-播量7.5kg/hm²可提高10～20cm土层土壤碳氮比。深翻耕且播量为30.0kg/hm²的人工补播措施较其他措施更有利于土壤有机碳和全氮的固存,但从操作性和成本的角度考虑,短期...     

一种EGCG单体纯化新工艺

以粗酯型儿茶素为原料,研究采用大孔吸附树脂和结晶纯化儿茶素单体EGCG的制备工艺。通过比较4种大孔吸附树脂对EGCG的吸附和解吸能力,筛选出最优树脂AB-8,并考察乙醇梯度洗脱等特性,再经过结晶析出EGCG晶体。结果表明:AB-8大孔吸附树脂对EGCG具有较好的吸附选择性,通过10%乙醇洗脱,EGCG产品纯度从54.41%提高到了92.65%,得率达93.38%,结晶后得纯度达98%以上的EGCG单体。     

常见动物乳与人乳的营养成分比较分析

乳中富含多种人体所必需的营养成分,对机体的生长发育及免疫功能具有重要作用。除牛乳外,水牛乳、马乳、骆驼乳、山羊乳、驴乳、牦牛乳等特色乳也逐渐进入人们的视野。同时人乳是婴儿最天然的理想食品,是婴儿早期主要的营养物质来源,含有丰富的营养物质及生物活性成分。为了更好的比较7种常见动物乳及人乳的差异性和优势性,本文总结了其在乳糖、乳脂、乳蛋白、矿物质、维生素等营养物质成分方面的差异,发现牦牛乳的蛋白质含量最高,氨基酸种类丰富;马乳的乳糖含量最高;而骆驼乳的乳脂肪含量则较高,水溶性维生素含量也最高;驴乳相比于其他几种常见乳,则具有低脂高糖等特点。     

中国部分地区绵羊肺炎支原体的基因多态性分析

为了解绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovi pneumoniae,Mo)在我国部分地区的流行病学特征,采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)及限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法对26株Mo基因多态性进行了研究,并利用NTsys2.10e软件对获得的多态性图谱进行了聚类分析.结果在相似系数为0.70时,26株Mo可分成6个RAPD群或6个RFLP群;相似系数为0.90时,分成18个RAPD群或18个RFLP群;相似系数为1.00时,分成25个RAPD群或26个RFLP群.结果表明,我国Mo存在高度的基因多态性,这种多态性与地域差异相关,与宿主来源也具有一定的相关性.研究结果为了解我国Mo的分子流行病学特征打下了基础,也为建立有效的Mo诊断方法和疫苗研制提供了参考依据.     

上海市禽源阿贡纳沙门氏菌耐药性及脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular types of S.agona strains isolated from poultry in Shanghai from 2010 to 2011,K-B method recommended by WHO was used to detect 14 strains of S.agona from poultry.Results were analyzed according to the breakpoints of CLSI,PFGE was used for molecular typing.14 strains were sensitive to 5 kinds of antibiotics.High resistant to sulfisoxazole and high moderate sensitivity to streptomycin.14 strains of S.agona were classified to 6 PFGE patterns.Some S.agona strains isolated from 2010 to 2011 were showed highly homology.Meanwhile,the relativity between antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE patterns was remarkable.     

阜康绿洲土壤盐渍化特征及其与肥力的相关性分析

本文以电导、可溶性总盐含量和pH作为指标,将阜康绿洲的盐渍化类型划分为9种,其中以强盐渍土和盐土为主,在纬度梯度上从南至北,即从洪积扇下部到沙漠按照中盐渍土-强盐渍土-盐土-强盐渍土-盐土-非盐渍土的顺序依次分布。而土壤含水率却是从洪积下部至扇缘溢出带逐渐升高,在细土平原地区差异较大,在沙漠中又迅速降低。通过土壤剖面中有机质、全量N、P、K和速效N、P、K的分析,结果表明阜康荒漠自然状态下土壤肥力很低,各养分含量在空间上呈现规律性的变化,在纬度梯度上逐渐升高又在沙漠中降低。通过水盐与土壤肥力的相关性分析,结果表明:有机质、全N、P和速P与含水率、电导、总盐均具有显著和极显著正相关,而与pH成负相关,但相关性不显著。由于盐生植物的多样性,在盐渍土和盐土土壤肥力并无显著降低,只是土壤溶液的高盐浓度限制了植物对养分的吸收,因此防止和治理土壤盐渍化是发挥土地生产潜力的重要手段。