Effects of Oxytropis glabra DC Poisoning on the Reproductive Organs in Hetian Sheep Ewes

The study was aimed to research the effects of Oxytropis glabra DC (O.glabra DC) poisoning on reproductive organs coefficent, reproductive performance and related gene expression in Hetian sheep ewes. The sera, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of Hetian sheep ewes cases poisoning of O. glabra DC were collected, the organ exponent and contents of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum were measured, then the mRNA expression of reproductive genes were measured. The result demonstrated that the index of hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary were extremely significantly higher than normal sheep (P < 0.01),the follicle number on the surface of the ovaries in poisoning groups were significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.05). The result of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nuclear of neuronal cells in hypothalamus were pyknosis and hyperchromatic; The nuclear of cells in pituitary deformation and hyperchromatic, cytoplasm decreased; The primary oocyte in ovary dissolved, disappeared, interstitial blood vessel expanded. The content of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum in poisoned Hetian sheep ewes were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression levels of Kiss-1, GPR54, ERα in hypothalamus, GnRHR in pituitary and FSHR and LHR in ovary were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The result showed that O. glabra DC poisoning could affect Hetian sheep ewes reproductive system by affecting microstructure and ultrastructure of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis.     

辽宁省农业气象灾害对粮食生产影响分析

农业气象灾害是农业生产和农民生活每年都要面对的问题,无论是干旱、洪涝、风雹都会给农业生产和农民生活带来不利的影响。科学的分析不同等级和不同种类气象灾害对辽宁省粮食生产的影响对气象灾害的防御、粮食增产和农民增收都具有重要的意义。     

杉木—千年桐人工混交林种内种间竞争关系分析

采用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型对闽北地区3-5年生杉木—千年桐混交林及杉木纯林的种内种间竞争强度进行定量分析。结果表明,杉桐混交林的竞争强度均高于同龄纯林,随林龄增长,竞争强度逐渐减弱。杉桐混交林中以杉木之间的种内竞争为主导。无论纯林还是混交林,对象木受到的竞争强度基本随径级的增加而减少。杉木对象木的胸径大小与杉木种内、杉桐种间的竞争强度呈幂函数关系,其胸径大小与竞争强度之间呈现显著的负相关关系。由预测结果可知,当杉木胸径达到30 cm后,林分竞争强度趋缓。     

Characterization of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass(Eleusine indica) populations in China

Goosegrass is a worst grass weed in orchards and turf.The increased use of glyphosate for goosegrass control has led to the occurrence of many resistant populations.Although glyphosate has been used to control weeds for the past 30 years in China,few reports are available on glyphosate-resistant(GR) googegrass.In this study,we determined the GR level of 14 goosegrass populations from Chengdu and Guangzhou,China.Glyphosate only controlled 3.1 and 25.0%of the populations SL5 and SL1,respectively,at the dose of 1 680 g acid equivalent(ae) ha~(-1) at 14 days after treatment(DAT).In contrast,the susceptible population(XD1) was completely(100%) controlled.The resistant index(Rl) of SL5 and SL1 were 5.1 and 4.5,and the Rl for SL2,SL3 and ZC1 were 4.2,3.2 and 2.6,respectively.The Rl for other populations was range from 1.8 to 2.5.Under the dose of glyphosate at 1 640 g ae ha~(-1) at 10 DAT,shikimate accumulation in susceptible population XD1 was 17.6 and 16.4 times higher than SL5 and SL1,respectively.And the chlorophyll content in the plant leaf of populations SL1,SL2 and SL5 were decreased slightly ranging from 22.6 to 28.0.These results confirmed that the SL1,SL2,SL3,ZC1 and SL5 populations had evolved moderate resistance to glyphosate.This is the first report for the GR goosegrass populations confirmed in Chengdu,China.     

新疆阿拉尔灌区土壤次生盐碱化防治及其相关问题研究

土壤次生盐渍化是制约阿拉尔灌区农业生产发展的关键因子。在阐述产生土壤次生盐碱化的背景条件的基础上,作者以田间水盐平衡模型为依据较深入分析了灌区土壤盐分动态、盐碱化趋势及其效应问题;其次,根据区域水盐平衡理论估算区域尺度上的灌排比并探讨了排水的出路问题;最后,在综合分析的基础上,提出了基于可持续灌溉农业和遏制灌区农业副效应目标下的对策与建议。     

京郊西兰花小菜蛾的田间防治药剂筛选与评价

为评价高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰虫酰胺、苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素等5种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的田间药效,本文采用喷雾法进行了田间试验。结果表明,10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂、6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂对小菜蛾在药后1~7 d的防效较好;32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂、32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂与10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂分别按50%推荐用量组成的1∶1的混配剂,药后1 d的防效仅在60%左右,速效性较差,但是药后3~7 d的防效较好。其中,混配剂药后3 d的防效高达90.70%。5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油在药后1~7 d的防效均较差。因此,在西兰花生产上可使用减量的溴氰虫酰胺与苏云金杆菌混配剂进行小菜蛾的防治,以达到农药减量增效防治小菜蛾的目的;在小菜蛾暴发时,可使用溴氰虫酰胺或乙基多杀菌素,以达到迅速防治的目的。     

铅胁迫对金丝草生长及生理生化的影响

采用土培方法,探究不同梯度铅胁迫(0、1000、2000和3000 mg·kg^-1)对金丝草生长形态、体内抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:低浓度(1000 mg·kg^-1)处理会诱导金丝草叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和根系抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(ASAFR)、可溶性糖(SS)及脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加,使得金丝草植株总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)处于较高水平,促进了金丝草株高、叶长和生物量的增加。随胁迫浓度增加,高浓度(2000~3000 mg·kg^-1)处理下,金丝草叶片和根系丙二醛(MDA)含量迅速增加,株高、叶长、叶面积和生物量下降,生长受到抑制。但金丝草通过增强叶片和根系POD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性来抵御过氧化作用,提高可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量维持细胞正常运作,增加根系生物量占比来加强根系发育,一定程度适应了高浓度铅胁迫。综上表明,金丝草主要通过叶片和根系不同抗氧化酶差异化响应、提高渗透调节物质含量,提升金丝草植株总抗氧化能力等途径来提高Pb耐性,对Pb污染矿区植物修复有较大潜力。     

整合子与细菌多重耐药性

细菌的多重耐药已成为临床治疗的难题,其耐药机制、耐药基因的传播与转移是近年来研究的热点。近来研究表明,细菌中存在一种能捕获和表达基因的遗传单位———整合子在细菌获得耐药机制中起了重要作用。整合子编码一个整合酶负责基因盒在重组位点attⅠ和attC上的插入及切除,同时整合子也提供一个启动子(Pant)负责基因盒耐药基因的表达。整合子携带着重组的基因盒插入到转座子或接合质粒中,在不同的细菌间运动而传播耐药性,同时一个整合子可以捕获多个基因盒,对细菌多重耐药的形成起重要作用。现就整合子的结构、类型、基因盒的种类与表达及其与细菌多重耐药性的有关研究进行综述。     

近55年来河西地区干旱时空演变特征及其与ENSO事件的关系

根据河西地区14个气象站点1961-2015年的逐月气象观测资料,基于SPEI指数采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、反距离加权插值(IDW)等方法分析了近55年来河西地区年代际、四季干旱及空间变化特征,并探讨了ENSO 事件与该区干旱的关系。结果表明：在年代际变化上,自20世纪90年代以来河西地区干旱次数增多、干旱程度加重。季节时间变化上,河西地区春、夏、秋季均呈干旱化趋势,春季干旱化趋势最为突出,夏季次之,冬季略呈变湿趋势。空间变化上,整个河西地区春季均呈干旱化趋势,而且大部分地区的春旱趋势极为显著,其中春旱趋势最显著的地方是金塔;冬季整个研究区趋于湿润化。各季节干旱高频区分别集中在：春季在金塔、民勤地区,夏季在河西西北部,秋季在河西中东部及西部的安西—玉门一线,冬季在101°E以西的河西地区。河西地区秋季SPEI与SSTA指数的相关性最为显著,春季次之,夏季最弱。ENSO事件发生强度与河西地区SPEI影响因子的多项式拟合关系表明,ENSO事件强度对温度的影响高于降水;其中在ENSO暖事件(厄尔尼诺事件)发生年份,气温有明显的上升趋势;在ENSO冷事件(拉尼娜事件)发生年份,少数年份降水有所增加,对气温的影响较弱。     

抗白粉病胡麻种质资源田间鉴定与筛选

白粉病目前已成为影响胡麻产量和质量最常见的病害之一, 种植抗病品种是防控病害最经济环保的有效措施, 然而抗病亲本材料的缺乏已成为制约抗病品种选育的关键因素。为筛选出抗白粉病胡麻材料, 本研究在田间自然感病的条件下, 采用病情指数法对300份国内外胡麻种质资源材料进行了抗白粉病鉴定和评价。结果表明, 所有供试材料均程度不同地感染胡麻白粉病, 无免疫材料, 仅有5份材料为中抗; 其余295份均为感病材料, 其中8份材料中感, 52份材料感病, 235份材料高度感病。本研究可为抗白粉病胡麻品种的培育及相关抗病基因的发掘提供参考。