高含固率木质纤维素厌氧发酵物总DNA的4种提取方法比较

不同的样本特性和提取方法对获得微生物总DNA的质量有重要影响。文章基于高含固率木质纤维素厌氧发酵物腐殖酸、酚类物质含量高、质地均一性差、微生物浓度低的特点,研究了4种方法提取不同高含固率粪秸厌氧发酵物中微生物总DNA的效果。结果表明,常规的十二烷基磺酸钠法(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)、十二烷基磺酸钠和溴化十六烷基三甲铵结合法(sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,SDS-CTAB)和商业的粪便试剂盒法提取的DNA质量均较差,SDS法和试剂盒法未能获得聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增目的条带,SDS-CTAB法得到的条带较模糊;改进SDS-CTAB法获得的DNA杂质少、纯度高,具有较好的稳定性,A260/A280和A260/A230值分别为1.74~1.86和1.65~1.86,每克样品的DNA浓度在50 ng·μL^-1以上,电泳条带单一齐整、清晰明亮,PCR扩增的目的条带清晰度高,适宜后续分子生物学技术的分析。林格氏液洗脱、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-40(Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone-40,PVP-40)洗涤液除杂以及裂解液和多种酶联合破壁是改进SDS-CTAB法获得该类专一性样本高质量微生物总DNA的关键步骤。     

吉林省蜜蜂疫病危害现状及发展对策

调查分析了吉林省主要蜜蜂饲养区蜜蜂疫病危害的现状,发现蜜蜂白垩病(56%)、蜂螨(40%)及爬蜂病(20%)为吉林省3大主要蜜蜂病害,同时通过实验室检测病蜂样本发现,蜜蜂微孢子虫的隐性感染情况较为严重,32%的蜂场存在不同程度的感染,应引起重视。蜜蜂敌害中胡蜂危害(42%)较为严重,个别蜂场兼受地胆、蚂蚁及蟾蜍的侵害。蜂病的确诊是目前饲养者面临的第一难题,建议尽快建立蜜蜂疫病防治技术体系,宣传蜜蜂健康养殖技术,加强流行病学及相关基础研究,加大抗病蜂种的培育力度,加快无公害对症蜂药的研究进展,给饲养者养成防患于未然、饲养强群等优良习惯,为蜜蜂产业的健康发展奠定良好的基础。     

单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)幼体肠道消化酶活性的测定方法

探究了单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)幼体(平均体重(1.468±0.222)g)肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶的测定方法、操作步骤、注意事项。蛋白酶测定采用Folin-酚法,其中建立的酪氨酸回归方程为y=15.487x-0.092 3(决定系数R~2=0.999 2);淀粉酶测定采用淀粉-碘比色法,以0.08%的淀粉溶液为底物。脂肪酶测定采用聚乙烯醇橄榄油乳化液水解法(NaOH滴定法)。结果表明,单环刺螠幼体肠道蛋白酶活力、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力分别为29.350±2.592、10.600±0.844、(5.266±0.224)U/mg prot。     

豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式现状

从粮食作物、经济作物及饲草的种植,饲草料的加工调制与利用,全舍饲肉羊的养殖及杂交繁育,以及羊粪尿的资源化利用等方面介绍了豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式发展现状,以期为促进豫北山区资源可持续利用、山区生态环境良性循环和社会经济可持续发展提供思路。     

基于叶片元素的配方施肥对草莓产量和品质的影响

为了探讨以草莓叶片元素为参考得出的施肥配方对草莓果实产量和可溶性固形物含量(SSC)的影响,以草莓品种"圣诞红"为试材,先利用叶片元素分析法测定草莓矿质元素的含量,确定了3种施肥配方(配方1、2、3),进而利用比例注肥泵的水肥一体化系统对温室中栽培的"圣诞红"进行施肥和管理。通过定期检测果实SSC和统计产量来评价配方效果。结果表明:利用配方1、2、3施肥管理的草莓果实在总产量、平均单株产量、平均单株果数和单果质量上都显著高于常规施肥方式下草莓果实的各参数(P0.05);配方3施肥下,草莓在果实产量、平均单株产量和单果质量上高于配方1和配方2施肥下的果实;配方2施肥下的草莓SSC最高,但与配方1和配方3施肥下的草莓SSC无显著差异。说明草莓种植时更适合满足其自身需求的营养元素供给,以草莓叶片矿质元素分析为依据的施肥配方明显提高了其果实产量和SSC,多组比例注肥泵并联使用保证了其配方肥料的均衡比例和投加的精准度,该方法更具科学和合理性,具有应用推广前景。     

蒋卫杰博士：聚焦生产一线（八）——乐亭早春棚室薄皮甜瓜实用生产技术

乐亭早春棚室薄皮甜瓜种植历史悠久，种植面积达7 333.3 hm²（11 万亩），当地农民通过系列实用生产技术，采收两茬瓜，获得高产高效，其中日光温室冬春茬薄皮甜瓜每667 m² 产值可达5.5 万元。     

浅析乌兰察布地区金叶榆嫁接以及嫁后管理技术

金叶榆叶片金黄色,枝条密生,树冠丰满,生长旺盛,适合做多种造型,在园林绿化上应用较多;再者,抗寒、抗旱能力强,很适合在乌兰察布地区推广应用,为了满足绿化的需要,对该地区嫁接技术以及嫁后管理技术进行了总结,为当地金叶榆嫁接技术以及嫁后管理技术提供理论参考。     

晚熟桃新品种“秋燕”的选育及配套栽培技术

晚熟桃新品种"秋燕"是从"燕红"自然实生后代中选出的。果实发育期约130d。果实近圆形,平均单果质量297g,最大410g;果实表面90%以上着深红色;果肉黄白色,具红色素,硬溶质,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量12.5%,粘核;果实硬度12.2kg·cm-2,耐贮运;自花结实,丰产。     

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.