优良马铃薯品种台湾红皮的特征特性及高效栽培技术

阐述了优良马铃薯品种台湾红皮的特征特性及其高效栽培技术,该品种具有稳产高产、品质优、抗逆性强等特点,采用适时播种、单行稀植,板田种植,稻草(地膜)覆盖等技术措施.可取得增产增收的效果.     

An economic and viable approach to improve wheat quality in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,China

Wheat flour products are the main dietary component of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau(QTP) population in China.However, the high altitude restricts the local wheat quality and quantity, and the applied nitrogen rate is higher than the optimal rate for wheat planting. In this study, we considered whether reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and introducing the superior varieties from the North China Plain(NCP) are viable ways to increase the wheat quality and quantity in the QTP. Three and fou...     

UV-B辐射对苜蓿幼叶内Rubisco、H2O2含量及蛋白水解酶活性的影响

研究了两个苜蓿品种幼苗在UV-B辐射下叶片Rubisco含量、蛋白水解酶活性和H2O2含量的变化.结果表明:UV-B辐射可使两个苜蓿品种幼苗H2O2含量和蛋白水解酶活性上升,Rubisco含量下降;准格尔苜蓿在UV-B辐射下H2O2含量和蛋白水解酶活性的上升幅度和Rubisco含量的下降程度明显大于多叶型苜蓿8925;抗坏血酸处理能明显降低UV-B辐射下幼苗H2O2含量,同时明显抑制蛋白水解酶活性的上升及Rubisco含量的下降,UV-B辐射诱导Rubisco含量的降低可能是通过提高H2O2水平来加强蛋白水解酶系统的活化而加速了Rubisco的降解,表明UV-B辐射对苜蓿幼叶具有一定的生理效应.     

Role of purinergic signaling mediated by ATP in Alzheimer's disease-associated colonic motility disorder

AIM: To explore the role of purinergic signaling mediated by ATP in the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related colon motility disorder and its related molecular mechanisms. METHODS: (1)Clinical trials:AD patients in our hospital were collected and studied. Radioimmunoassay was used for the determination of plasma motilin (MTL), cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to test the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The patients were assessed by neuropsychology and scored accordingly. (2)In animal experiments, AD mice received Morris water maze test, and the spatial learning and memory function were evaluated. The plasma levels of MTL, CCK, VIP and NO were examined by radioimmunoassay, and the level of ATP was measured by HPLC. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), VIP, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and ATP synthase were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of P2Y receptor. (3)In vitro, organ bath was applied to observe the effect of α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-MeATP), an agonist of P2Y receptor, on both spontaneous and electrically evoked contraction of colonic smooth muscle strip, and the technique of intracellular microelectrode was applied to observe the effect of α,β-MeATP on the membrane potential of colonic smooth muscle cells. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the levels of MTL and CCK were decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of NO and ATP were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the VIP level was not changed. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was decreased (P<0.05), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) score, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADCS-ADL) were all increased as compared with control group (P<0.01). The 4~6 d escape latency of APP/PS1 AD mice was significantly prolonged (P<0.05), and the space exploration ability distinctly reduced (P<0.05). In AD mice, the levels of MTL and CCK were decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of NO and ATP were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the VIP level was not changed. The protein expression of colonic ATP synthase was significantly increased (P<0.05), but the expression of ChAT, VIP and NOS was not changed. The expression of P2Y receptor was increased (P<0.01). The results of in vitro experiment displayed that α,β-MeATP, from 20 μmol/L to 100 μmol/L, inhibited the spontaneous contraction of colonic smooth muscle strip in the normal mice and AD mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and this inhibition was reversed by Na⁺ channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, the effect of α,β-MeATP at 100 μmol/L on the AD mice was more obvious than that on the normal mice (P<0.05), and this inhibition was also antagonized by TTX (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), pro-minent in AD group as compared with control group (P<0.05). In 10 Hz electrically evoked contraction of colonic smooth muscle strip, α,β-MeATP inhibited both the normal and AD mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the inhibition was more obvious in the AD mice at the concentration of 40 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: AD patients and AD mice are accompanied by decreased MTL and CCK levels, and enhanced NO level, thus inducing colonic motor dysfunction along with AD. Meanwhile, ATP in plasma, purinergic neurons, and P2Y receptor expression are increased in the AD mice. Purinergic signaling mediated by ATP inhibits colonic smooth muscle strip contraction and further paralyzes the colonic movement function in AD.     

金沙江干热河谷区麻疯树资源开发潜力分析

麻疯树具有耐干旱、贫瘠和不择土壤等特点,是干热河谷荒漠化区生态植被恢复的优势树种,其果实是生产生物柴油及医药用品的优质原料。为此,通过对干热河谷荒漠化区域人工种植麻疯树的生态植被恢复进行示范研究,分析评价了麻疯子制备生物柴油的品质指标;提出了云南北部地区以东川干热河谷区为中心的麻疯树资源开发利用的发展策略及建设的主要内容,旨在为金沙江干热河谷荒漠化控制区生物柴油原料林建设及生态植被恢复提供基础背景资料和指导。     

四川省油橄榄引种地气候因子分析

[目的]为四川省更好地种植油橄榄提供依据。[方法]比较四川省主要油橄榄引种地与原产地地中海的气候条件,分析引种地的气候利弊因子,提出相应的引种建议。[结果]四川省油橄榄引种地年平均气温、1月平均温度与原产地较接近,极端最低温度不会导致冻害发生,适合油橄榄生长。四川引种地夏季降水量为178.3~215.5 mm,远远高于原产地的0~30.0 mm,利于油橄榄的营养生长。除西昌外,其余引种地年日照时数为1 300~1 400 h,低于原产地的2 493~2 783 h。引种地年均相对湿度的平均值为72.2%,高于原产地的平均值69.0%。[结论]四川省油橄榄引种地的年日照时数不足、空气相对湿度较大限制了油橄榄的生长,可以通过阳坡种植,整形修剪,种植耐湿性较强的油橄榄品种,合理施肥等措施弥补。     

辽宁有机食品生产实例分析

在国际和国内有机农业发展潮流的启发和带动下,辽宁绿色芳山有机食品有限公司,在十余年内,由初创到健康发展,直至成为国内外享誉盛名的有机食品生产企业,其发展历程和经验值得借鉴。“绿色芳山”利用优越的自然环境,继承优良的种植习惯,遵循有机农业关于依靠作物轮作、施用有机肥恢复土壤肥力,采取非化学的措施防治作物病虫害的理念,既保护了农田生态系统的清洁和无污染,又生产出了安全、优质、健康的有机农产品和加工品。“绿色芳山”十分重视有机食品的检查和认证,严格按操作规程生产,先后获得OCIA、CGFDC、BCS、COFCC、OMIC的有机食品（AA级绿色食品）认证,产品进入国内大型超市和欧盟、日本市场。“绿色芳山”采用“龙头企业带动型”的运行模式,形成了“企业＋基地＋农户”的产业组织格局,不但企业获利,而且农民致富。     

石菖蒲根茎提取物β-细辛醚对谷蠹成虫的抑制作用

采用饲料拌药法测定石菖蒲根茎提取物β-细辛醚对谷蠹成虫种群的抑制作用.结果表明,β-细辛醚200.00 mg·kg-1和150.00 mg·kg-1的剂量处理7 d及60 d后,谷蠹成虫的校正死亡率达96.07%-100.00%.两种处理的小麦被害率分剐仅为0.00%和1.33%,极显著低于马拉硫磷(5.00mg·kg-1)5.00%的被害率.     

玻璃化法超低温保存香石竹种质资源的研究

以香石竹"云恋蝶"离体茎尖为试材,研究玻璃化法对香石竹茎尖的高体超低温保存.通过正交设计试验对影响存活率的主要因素(预培养培养基中蔗糖浓度、预培养时间、装载时间和PVS2处理时间)进行分析,结果表明,预培养1 d,预培养基中蔗糖浓度为0.5 mol/L,装载40 min,PVS2液处理40 min,液氮处理1 d,在40℃水浴化冻后的香石竹茎尖,成活率达44.13%,且超低温再生苗与其常温苗的生理生化指标无显著差异.本试验成功地建立了香石竹种质资源玻璃化法超低温保存的技术,为香石竹种质资源的长期保存提供了一条有效途径.     

洋桔梗花药离体培养与完整植株的诱导

以9个不同类型的洋桔梗品种为试材,研究了花药离体培养中胚状体的诱导及再生.结果表明:基因型是限制花药培养成胚的关键因素,9个品种中,有4个品种获得了胚状体及再生苗,再生率为3.8 %～16.0 %.用根尖染色体鉴定法鉴定了再生株的倍性,再生株群体的倍性组成比较复杂,以二倍体为主.