浅谈重大动物疫病损失补偿制度

重大动物疫病损失补偿是指政府利用公共资源(包括政府行政资源和其他社会资源)对在防控、扑灭重大动物疫病过程中受损的畜禽养殖、加工、流通等企业、个体业主及相关环节实施补偿的行为。我国畜牧业总体规模较大,畜禽养殖种类多,饲养条件复杂,集约化养殖程度低,抗风险能力弱,一旦发生和流行重大动物疫病,极易形成重大损失,对畜牧业生产造成巨大破坏,影响社会和谐稳定。因此,实行重大动     

热研2号柱花草干燥特性及粗蛋白质变化的试验研究

以热研2号柱花草为研究对象，采用快速薄层干燥的试验方法，研究干燥过程中表现出来的干燥特性及不同干燥时间和时期粗蛋白质的变化关系。确定干燥速度与干燥介质温度、含水率与干燥时间、粗蛋白质损失率与干燥介质温度之间的变化方程，分析了各参数之间的关系。结果表明：鲜草刈割后，必须在8 h内进行快速干燥；快速干燥的适宜温度为140～180℃。     

果实采前套袋对龙眼果实品质和耐贮性的影响

以福建省主栽龙眼品种“福眼”果实为材料，研究果实采前套袋对龙眼果实品质和采后耐贮性的影响。结果表明：果实采前套袋可明显改善龙眼果实的外观品质；但降低了果肉可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C和总糖等营养物质含量，导致龙眼果实甜度下降、风味变淡。果实采前套袋降低了与龙眼果皮褐变密切相关的酚类物质(包括花色素苷、类黄酮和总酚)含量和多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性，减少了龙眼果实在贮藏期间果皮褐变的发生；同时，果实采前套袋明显减轻由采前病原菌潜伏侵染所致的采后龙眼果实病害，提高果实耐贮性，延长果实贮藏期。     

Interpretation of humic acid coagulation and soluble soil organic matter using a calculated electrostatic potential

The coagulation of humic substances and its role in controlling the solubility of organic matter in soils are not well understood. We therefore studied the physico‐chemical behaviour of purified humic acid from forest soil coagulated with Na, Ca, Cu, Al at pH 4 and 6, and then modelled the behaviour with the Non‐Ideal Consistent Competitive Adsorption Donnan (NICA‐Donnan) model. We found that the coagulation of humic acid occurs when the Donnan potential is less negative than ?0.08 V. Based on this result, an empirical relation between the Donnan potential of humic acid and its concentration in solution was derived. In addition, the Donnan potential of the dissolved organic matter in the soil solution of six soil profiles from forests was calculated using the NICA‐Donnan model under the assumption that all the dissolved organic matter behaves as humic acid. The measured concentration of dissolved organic matter also decreases in a soil profile, as the calculated potential becomes less negative. The results are in many cases in semi‐quantitative agreement with the predicted concentration based on the humic acid coagulation experiment. Acid soils contain more dissolved organic matter, which may result from the presence of a fairly large fraction of more soluble organic molecules, such as fulvic acid.     

水土保持与循环农业耦合开发策略及提升建议——以福建省长汀县等3个水土流失重点治理县为例

通过福建省重大科技专项的实施,阐明山地水土流失治理与循环农业开发有效结合的协同性,并以长汀县、宁化县、平和县等水土流失重点治理县为例提出提升建议。结果表明:1)进行山地植被恢复,可推广"乔-灌-草"立体覆盖种植;2)山区开展生态养殖,可采用"林-草-牧-肥"优化耦合模式,有利于农牧结合优势的充分发挥;3)应用固液分离收集处理猪粪技术,生产果树专用肥,COD累积去除率达99.8%;4)长汀县79.94%耕地适宜烟稻轮作,并可循环利用秸秆培肥地力;5)紫色土壤区的山地适宜发展"草-牧-沼-油茶"生产模式。提出的提升建议:水土流失治理要实施系统工程,水土保持应与循环农业发展紧密结合,促进双赢互利发展;要健全政策机制,鼓励更多企业、个人投入山地水土流失治理与循环农业综合开发之中,以取得经济、社会与生态的综合效益。     

抗菌药物联合应用对霉形体的药效学研究

本研究采用试管肉汤稀释法和棋盘法测定了１７种抗菌药物单独或几种药联合对鸡败血霉形体Ｓ＿６株（ＭＧＳ＿６）的最低抑菌和最低杀菌浓度．结果表明，ＭＧＳ＿６对北里霉素、四环素、红霉素、氟哌酸等高度敏感；四环素类与ＴＭＰ联合呈现协同作用。对实验性感染ＭＧＳ＿６的病鸡进行联合用药治疗试验，初步筛选出几个有良好治疗作用的联合用药配方。本研究是对联合应用抗菌药物治疗实验性鸡败血霉形体病进行的初步探讨，对防治本病具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

登云高尔夫球场草坪建植中的主要危害杂草

１９９４年５月对登云高尔夫球场草坪建植中发生的主要杂草种类及动态分布进行调查，记录了３２种数量较大的主要杂草，其中夏季主要以禾本科及莎草杂草为害，秋季主要菊科，蓼科，藜科等阔叶杂草，空心莲子草，香附子等多年生杂草夏，秋季均为害严重，草坪床上土构成及湿度影响草坪杂草的种类分布。     

酚醛树脂的改性

用ＤＳＣ分析技术研究了改性树脂的固化过程，确定了最佳固化温度。且发现随甲醛／苯酚的用量摩尔比增加。固化温度有下降的趋势；对改性树脂进行了力学性能测试，同时与普通酚醛树脂进行了比较。结果表明，实验合成的改性树脂的粘结性及柔性性较普通酚醛树脂有明显改善。     

Immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes in the corpus luteum and placenta of the Japanese Shiba goat

In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3betaHSD), cytochrome 17alpha-hydroxylase P450 (P450c17), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) in the corpus luteum and placenta of Shiba goats. The aim was to clarify the steroidogenic capability of the corpus luteum and placenta of Shiba goats. Ovaries containing corpora lutea were obtained from four adult Shiba goats during the luteal phase (day10; n=2) and pregnancy (90 and 120 days of gestation). Placenta was obtained from one Shiba goat on day 120 of gestation. The sections of the ovaries and placentae were immunostained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC) with polyclonal antibodies generated against steroidogenic enzymes of mammalian origin. All luteal cells expressed P450scc, 3betaHSD, P450c17 and P450arom. The distribution of P450scc, 3betaHSD, P450c17 and P450arom were not different during the luteal phase and pregnancy. P450arom showed a weak positive staining in late pregnancy (120 days). In addition, immunoreactions for P450c17 and P450arom were observed in syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta of one Shiba goat. These results indicate that, in Shiba goats, corpus luteum is not only an important source of progesterone but also has the ability to synthesize androgen and estrogen during the luteal phase and pregnancy. Also the placenta has the ability to synthesize androgen and estrogen in late pregnancy.     

Immunolocalization of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) in the reproductive organs of Shiba goats

The objective of this study was to determine the immunolocalization of NGF and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) in the reproductive tract of the Japanese Shiba goats. Five adult goats were used in this study and sections of ovaries, uteri and oviducts were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC). The results showed that NGF and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) were expressed in granulosa cells, theca cells, interstitial cells and lutein cells in ovaries. Immunoreactions for NGF, TrkA and p75LNGFR were also detectable in epithelial cells and muscle cells of the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct, and in epithelial cells and uterine glands of the uterus. These results strongly suggest autocrine and paracrine regulation of reproductive function by NGF in the reproductive tract of female Shiba goats.