Bats adjust temporal parameters of echolocation pulses but not those of communication calls in response to traffic noise

Many studies based on acute short‐term noise exposure have demonstrated that animals can adjust their vocalizations in response to ambient noise. However, the effects of chronic noise over a relatively long time scale of multiple days remain largely unclear. Bats rely mainly on acoustic signals for perception of environmental and social communication. Nearly all previous studies on noise‐induced vocal adjustments have focused on echolocation pulse sounds. Relatively little is known regarding the effects of noise on social communication calls. Here, we examined the dynamic changes in the temporal parameters of echolocation and communication vocalizations of Vespertilio sinensis when exposed to traffic noise over multiple days. We found that the bats started to modify their echolocation vocalizations on the fourth day of noise exposure, with an increase of 42–91% in the total number of pulse sequences per day. Under noisy conditions, the number of pulses within a pulse sequence decreased by an average of 17.2%, resulting in a significantly slower number of pulses/sequence (P < 0.001). However, there was little change in the duration of a pulse sequence. These parameters were not significantly adjusted in most communication vocalizations under the noise condition (all P > 0.05), except that the duration decreased and the number of syllables/sequences increased in 1 type of communicative vocalization (P < 0.05). This study suggests that bats routinely adjust temporal parameters of echolocation but rarely of communication vocalizations in response to noise condition.     

高钙饲粮对青年蛋鸡血清一氧化氮浓度和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究高钙饲粮对青年蛋鸡血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）浓度和抗氧化功能的影响。将 ３５日龄 １００羽伊沙蛋鸡随机均分为对照组（含钙 １．００％）和高钙组（含钙 ３．７８％）,每组 ５个重复,每个重复 １０羽。每天观察鸡的精神状态、食欲和粪便情况。在饲喂高钙饲粮第 ０、８、１６、２４和 ３２天时,分别测定 ２组鸡的血清中 ＮＯ浓度和丙二醛含量及抗氧化酶系统的变化。结果表明：１）高钙饲粮能引起青年蛋鸡长期腹泻,在饲喂高钙饲粮的第 ８天就发生高血钙症。２）与对照组相比,高钙组在饲喂高钙饲粮第 ８天和第 １６天血清 ＮＯ浓度无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,第２４天和第 ３２天显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;第 ８天和第 ２４天血清超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,第 １６天显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,第 ３２天显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;第 ８、１６、２４天血清丙二醛含量无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,第 ３２天显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;第 ２４天和第 ３２天黄嘌呤氧化酶活性有升高趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示,饲喂高钙饲粮可导致青年蛋鸡发生长期腹泻,引起高血钙症,导致其机体内自由基的产生与清除的动态平衡遭到破坏,使自由基的产生远远超出清除能力。     

中国大蜜蜂生物学特性研究初报

对中国大蜜蜂的分布、筑巢习性、迁飞习性、蜂巢结构等进行了初步调查,并对中国不同地区大蜜蜂的形态特征进行了测定。     

景观植物管理信息系统的初步构建

景观植物管理查询系统(Landscape Plant Management Information System,简称LPMIS)是一种管理信息系统(Management Information System,简称MIS).LPMIS采用面向对象的开发语言Visual Basic 6.0和桌面数据库管理系统 ACCESS在Windows操作系统环境下运行.LPMIS具有可视化、人性化的界面,提供多媒体信息,数据的维护和更新具有继承性,后台数据库可方便的移植于网络等特点;PMIS具有较好的可移植性和通用性,通过更换后台数据库,LPMIS可方便的应用于其他领域并开发出不同的数据库.LPMIS可促进景观植物数据的查询和管理由手工向自动化变革,从而大大提高工作效率.     

3株猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌山东株的分离及鉴定

从山东省几个猪场的疑似猪传染性胸膜肺炎病例中,采集病猪的肺脏、气管和扁桃体等病变组织,经细菌分离得到3个分离株BZ1株、BZ2株、BZ3株。经过革兰氏染色镜检、菌落形态观察、培养特性试验、生化试验、药敏试验、动物感染试验等一系列细菌学鉴定方法,可将3株分离菌鉴定为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌。     

Bio—G除臭剂对蛋鸡舍内氨气及产蛋性能的影响

在面积相等，饲养密度相近的2栋蛋鸡舍内连续15d喷洒Bio-G除臭剂，每天1次，每次5L，结果表明，喷洒Bio-G后，鸡舍氨气含量明显下降，但对蛋鸡产蛋性能无明显影响。     

用特殊方法"煮过的谷物"能给仔猪带来多种好处

饲料生产者根据猪的消化能力来细心地设计各个饲养阶段的日粮,以达到帮助改善猪的生长性能和健康的目的.有人建议可采用＂煮过＂的有特别形状的谷物,这种谷物是通过调控颗粒分裂和蒸汽膨化而加工出来的商用性的品牌产品,这种产品不仅可用于断奶前（教槽）日粮,而且可以用于断奶后和其他畜禽日粮中.     

全膜覆土穴播粒数对紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响

采取随机区组排列的方式,设置3种不同穴播粒数,对陇中苜蓿和岩石进行生长高度、产草量、茎叶比、粗蛋白含量等指标测定,结果表明:穴播粒数为14时,陇中苜蓿和岩石的生长高度表现较为突出,鲜草产量分别为43 404.5kg/hm~2和47 436.9kg/hm~2,显著高于其它两个处理;在品质方面也表现较好,粗蛋白含量分别为15.33%和14.74%。综合评价全膜覆土穴播苜蓿14为最佳穴播粒数。     

A Preliminary Comparison of Lidocaine and Xylazine as Epidural Analgesics in Ponies

Xylazine (0.35 mg/kg) or lidocaine (0.35 mg/kg) was injected into the epidural space of six ponies to compare their effectiveness as epidural analgesics. Each pony received both treatments at 1 week intervals with the order of treatments randomized. Xylazine produced analgesia of significantly longer duration (247 +/- 58 minutes) than that produced by an equal dose of lidocaine (135 +/- 22 minutes). Mild transient ataxia of no clinical significance developed in all ponies with both treatments. Spinal cords were removed from two ponies and examined histologically. No discernible pathologic changes were noted.     

草地生态系统安全及其评价研究

探讨了草地生态安全及其评价的概念与内涵,认为草地生态系统安全判断与度量准则应该是草地生态系统健康、草地生态系统服务功能及生态风险与管理的科学统一。同时尝试提出了草地生态系统安全评价的"健康-服务功能-风险与管理(health-service-risk and management,HSRM)"模型,构建了HSRM评价模型的指标体系,提出草地生态安全评价中草地生态安全度计算公式和安全状态分级标准。