实施草原黄牛攻关课题推广黄牛冷配改良技术

从2001年度开始,扎鲁特组织实施草原黄牛攻关课题,全面推行黄牛冷配改良工作,本年度在全旗共布设黄牛冷配改良站(点)487处,培训技术人员1130人次;组群适龄母牛69740头,实配母牛58907头,受配率达84．5％,情期受胎率达84．7％,繁殖成活率达67．9％;冷配改良犊牛每头新增值500元,农牧民养牛户人均新增收入200元,纯经济效益达1150．854万元,达到扎鲁特旗首创、行业先进、效益显著要求,有力推动了以黄牛为主畜牧主导产业的稳步发展。     

Biological characterics of human fetal cord blood mesenchymal stem cells

AIM: To investigate the biological characterics of human second-trimester fetal cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and its application prospects in utero gene transfer/therapy (IUGT). METHODS: Nuclear cells separated from cord blood were cultured in DMEM medium. Surface antigens of the MSC were analyzed by the FACScan flow cytometry. Adipogenic and osteogenic mediums were used to assess the differentiation ability of the cells. Adenovirus vector deliver green fluorescent protein gene (Ad-GFP) was used to transfected the MSC and the expressing of GFP was detected by fluorescent microscope. The MSC were injected into the liver of newborn rat. The immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to determine the presence of double-positive CD105⁺/CD166⁺ cells in different organs of rats. MSC were subcutaneous injected into the human-nonobese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice and carcinogenesises of the MSC in vivo were detected by pathological diagnosis. RESULTS: MSC could be separated from fetal cord blood. These cells were uniformly positive for CD29, CD44, CD59, CD105, CD166 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR. The cells had the abilities to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic cells in vitro, expressed the GFP at high levels (56.32%±3.28%). The MSC were located at different organs after injected into the newborn rats and didn't have carcinogenicity in vivo. CONCLUSION: Human second-trimester fetal cord blood MSC is an promising target cells in fetal IUGT.     

NaCl胁迫对燕麦与小麦幼苗生长及其营养吸收的影响

采用水培的方法,研究了NaCl胁迫对燕麦和小麦幼苗生长及其营养吸收的影响,旨在为全面比较两种作物的耐盐性以及高效利用内蒙古地区的盐碱地提供基础信息。结果表明:与对照相比,低浓度NaCl处理(40 mmol/L)促进了燕麦的株高、生物量的增加,当NaCl浓度分别达到60 mmol/L与80 mmol/L时,明显降低了小麦与燕麦的株高、生物量,其中小麦较燕麦下降幅度大;随着NaCl浓度的增加,燕麦幼苗茎叶、小麦幼苗根中全N含量有所下降,而燕麦与小麦植株中全P含量有所增加;燕麦与小麦植株中K+、Ca2+含量、K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+比值随NaCl浓度的增加迅速降低,且小麦的降低效应大于燕麦,在同一处理NaCl胁迫下燕麦的K+/Na+高于小麦。     

宁丰系苹果引种栽培试验研究报告

通过引种栽培宁丰系苹果试验研究,阐明宁丰系苹果引种栽培关键技术环节,了解宁丰系苹果的生物学特性、适应性及生长表现,为以后更广泛地开展推广宁丰系苹果引种栽培积累技术资料。     

虹鳟Ndufb2基因全长cDNA序列的克隆与分析

从虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的脑组织中提取RNA,经逆转录-聚合酶链反应及cDNA末端快速扩增技术克隆出Ndufb2基因全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:FJ534641),并对其序列进行分析.扩增结果表明:Ndufb2基因的cDNA序列全长899bp,其中5′端非翻译区长152bp,3′端非翻译区长441bp,开放阅读框长306bp,编码101个氨基酸;其N端前50个氨基酸为线粒体靶序列.将翻译的虹鳟Ndufb2蛋白序列与大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)的Ndufb2蛋白序列比对发现,其同源性高达98%,且虹鳟Ndufb2蛋白序列与已报道的哺乳动物的Ndufb2蛋白序列同源性均在55%以上.表明Ndufb2基因在进化过程中是高度保守的,推测其在线粒体呼吸链组成中发挥着重要作用.     

Inhibitory effect of chitosan on growth of the fungal phytopathogen,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,and sclerotinia rot of carrot

The antifungal activity of chitosan on a common fungal phytopathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the control effect on sclerotinia rot of carrot were investigated. Mycelial growth and fungal biomass were strongly inhibited by chitosan. Using propidium iodide stain combined with fluorescent microscopy, the plasma membrane of chitosan-treated S. sclerotiorum mycelia was observed to be markedly damaged. Concomitantly, protein leakage and lipid peroxidation was also found to be significantly higher in chitosan-treated mycelia compared to the control. Chitosan provided an effective control of sclerotinia rot of carrot, with induction of activity of defense-related enzymes including polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. These data suggest that the effects of chitosan on sclerotinia rot of carrot may be associated with the direct damage to the plasma membrane and lipid peroxidation of S. sclerotiorum, and the elicitation of defense response in carrot.     

中美棉花保险政策的对比研究

中美是两个棉花生产大国,美国棉花保险政策和经验对于中国完善棉花保险体系具有重要的借鉴意义。采用比较研究法,分析中美两国棉花生产变动和生产成本差异,归纳两国棉花保险产品体系,并从保险标的、可保风险、保障水平、保费补贴和数据基础5个方面比较两国棉花保险政策。结果表明,较低的棉花生产成本,是美国棉花保险风险保障功能高于中国的一个重要方面。美国棉花保险产品体系完善,具有以收入保险为主、风险保障可累加程度高、保险单元多样化和保费补贴差异化等特点。与美国相比,中国棉花保险创新不足,推行着最基本的物化成本保险,保额尚未完全覆盖生产成本,还存在保障水平和保费补贴政策单一等不足。因此,建议借鉴美国经验,从强化棉花风险管理数据库建设、支持保险产品创新和优化保费补贴政策等,推进中国棉花保险政策的逐步完善。     

旱地钵苗移栽复式作业机栽植机构优化设计与试验

为节省工时,提高劳动效率,提出了一种旱地钵苗移栽复式作业机;并针对作业机栽植轨迹不理想导致钵苗栽植合格率低以及栽植器粘土堵塞导致漏苗率高的问题,优化设计了移栽复式作业机栽植机构。该机构由曲柄、平行摇杆、摆杆及夹指式栽植器构成,实现接苗、运苗、扶苗栽植和复位功能,使栽植轨迹和运动姿态满足栽植农艺要求。夹指式栽植器为敞开式结构,夹指在注水冲刷与闭合瞬间振动的作用下,解决了传统鸭嘴栽植器粘土堵塞的问题。建立栽植机构运动学模型,基于Visual Basic 6.0开发计算机辅助优化设计软件,多目标参数优化设计得出满足农艺要求的移栽运动轨迹和栽植机构参数;建立栽植机构三维模型,利用ADAMS运动学仿真分析,验证了栽植机构优化设计的合理性;样机田间试验表明,在钵苗高度约为15 cm、作业速度20 m/min工况下,钵苗栽植合格率达98.1%、漏苗率0.4%、株距变异系数4.3%、栽植深度合格率96.5%,满足旱地钵苗移栽要求。