Selective and on-demand drenching of lambs: Impact on parasite populations and performance of lambs

AIM: To determine whether drenching regimes for lambs by which a proportion (10%) of the heaviest animals was selectively left untreated, or animals are only drenched ‘on demand’ when faecal nematode egg counts (FEC) exceeded a threshold level, would result in measurable increases in parasite larval challenge in the autumn and/or decreases in the performance of lambs.

METHODS: A replicated study compared three drenching strategies in which mobs of lambs (n=360 in total) received either: a five-drench preventive programme, administered to all animals (Treatment 1); a five-drench preventive programme, but the 10% heaviest animals left untreated each time (Treatment 2); or drench treatments administered only when FEC exceeded 500 eggs per gram of faeces (epg) (Treatment 3). After the five-drench programme, animals in Treatments 1 and 2 were treated according to FEC as for Treatment 3. A triple-combination drench containing ivermectin, oxfendazole and levamisole, administered orally, was used for all treatments. There were nine farmlets, allowing three replicates of each treatment, in a completely randomised design. Parasite infestations on pasture were measured in autumn by pasture plucks, and worm burdens were monitored in tracer lambs, while the performance of lambs was assessed by liveweight gains, fleece weights, and body condition and dag scores.

RESULTS: Increased numbers of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on pasture were found in the autumn on farmlets treating selectively or on-demand (Treatments 2 and 3). No differences were detected in other parasite species. Mean liveweight gains did not differ between treatments but some differences were detected between drenched and undrenched lambs in Treatment 2. Mean body condition and mean dag scores of lambs in Treatment 3 tended to be lower and higher, respectively, than those of lambs in Treatment 1; Treatment 2 was generally intermediate.

CONCLUSIONS: Drenching strategies for lambs designed to slow the development of anthelmintic resistance, by increasing the pool of susceptible worms available to dilute resistant survivors after treatment, resulted in increased numbers of H. contortus and T. colubriformis but not other species of parasite on pasture. The increased parasite challenge to lambs in the autumn was associated with small production losses, which may be acceptable to farmers wishing to implement such strategies. It is clear that further work is required on the interaction between management practices and the population dynamics of parasites, especially with regard to creating pools of susceptible genotypes to slow the development of drench resistance.     

木立芦荟和三角芦荟的组织培养和低成本快繁

以MS+BA3+NAA0.2和MS+BA4+NAA0.2分别为木立芦荟(AloearborescensMill)和三角芦荟(AloemitriformisMill)的诱导培养基.1/2MS+BA2+NAA0.2和MS+BA3+NAA0.2分别为两种芦荟的增殖培养基,对茎段、茎尖和吸芽进行离体培养.以4周为一个继代周期,每周期可增殖6～8倍,现已经过26个继代周期,一个外植体每年可增殖至813个芽苗.为减轻褐化,降低温度至22℃、光照强度800lx,附加活性炭3～5g@L-1.用白糖替代蔗糖,自来水替代蒸馏水,果酱瓶替代三角瓶,既不影响培养效果又可降低生产成本.     

基于SPI指数的近50a内蒙古地区干旱特征分析

利用近50a逐月降水资料,以标准化降水指数(SPI)作为干旱指标,详细全面地分析了内蒙古东中西部年际干旱强度、干旱覆盖范围和干旱频率特征及其演变规律.结果表明:近50a来,内蒙古东部和中部总体干旱强度增加但不显著,西部总体干旱强度减弱但不显著.从干旱覆盖范围来看,西部呈略微减少趋势,中部增加但不显著,而东部呈显著增加趋势,且中部和西部以全域性干旱为主,东部以区域性干旱为主.从干旱频率上看,东中西部空间差异性明显.东部轻旱发生频率较高的地区包括海拉尔市东北部、兴安盟、通辽市西部以及赤峰市东部,中旱在大部分地区发生的频率都较高,重旱在海拉尔市局部地区发生的频率较高;中部地区锡林郭勒盟轻旱、中旱和重旱发生的频率都较高;西部大部分地区轻旱发生的频率较高.     

寒地水稻旱直播栽培技术探讨

近年来寒地水稻旱直播面积有扩大趋势,但生产中存在品种选择随意、保苗率低、杂草防治效果差等现象,导致产量不稳。由于技术还不成熟,盲目扩大规模更容易给农民造成较大损失。针对目前寒地水稻旱直播中存在的问题,初步提出了寒地水稻旱直播栽培技术措施,并探讨了生产中存在的问题与解决方法。     

三江平原典型淡水沼泽湿地景观格局变化研究——以三江自然保护区为例

在RS与G IS技术的支持下,以1976、1986、1995、2000、2005年的TM遥感影像为数据源,综合利用各种斑块形状指数、斑块面积、斑块数量等景观特征指标,对三江自然保护区的沼泽湿地景观格局的动态变化以及景观基质的演变过程进行分析。结果表明:在近30年内研究区的沼泽湿地面积呈显著下降的趋势。1976~1986年,沼泽湿地面积减少,斑块数量增加,破碎化程度加大,斑块边界复杂度显著增加而边界连通性显著降低。1986~2000年,沼泽湿地面积及其边界复杂度变化幅度不大,斑块数量不断减少,边界连通性显著增加。2000~2005年,沼泽湿地面积与斑块数目均显著下降,破碎化后的湿地斑块逐渐被其它景观类型取代,同时边界复杂度显著增加而边界连通性明显下降。近30 a内,研究区由原始的沼泽和草甸景观基质逐渐转变为农田景观基质。     

云南省生物资源开发创新产业信息网络建设

本文简单介绍了云南省生物资源开发创新产业信息网络建设规划研究和实施情况 ,如网络设计目标、体系结构选择、信息资源建设规划、网络的搭建以及数据库的建设构想等     

低氮高效红甜菜形态特征分析

筛选低氮高效基因型红甜菜是提高氮素利用效率,减少氮污染的有效途径。采取液体培养方法,设置低氮(1.5 mmol/mL)、正常氮(5 mmol/mL)、高氮(10 mmol/mL)3种氮素水平处理,选用中国农业科学院甜菜研究所育种品系,通过生长指标统计、因子分析、聚类分析来确定评价指标,并筛选出耐低氮基因型。在低氮和高氮条件下,茎叶氮含量、茎叶氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮累积量、氮生理利用效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率差异性显著,变异系数分别为0.169~0.217和0.110~0.271。通过因子分析发现,在低氮和高氮条件下主成分培养情况基本相同,第一主成分是由根系氮含量、根系氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮含量、氮生理利用效率决定,第一主成分所占的方差贡献率较大。综合红甜菜氮素吸收累积变异特征及因子分析,将茎叶氮含量、茎叶氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮累积量、氮生理利用效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率作为初步筛选红甜菜氮高效综合评价指标。再根据隶属函数法计算出的氮效率综合值和采用欧氏距离平方拟合的分层聚类分析,将整株氮素干物质生产效率作为筛选氮高效综合评价指标。最终筛选出对氮素高效吸收利用的材料（低氮高效型‘YeginaS2’、低氮低效高氮高效型‘CYCLHDAR’）,结合其株高、叶面积、叶柄长、根长等形态特征、干物质量及根冠比等实用特征,分析不同基因型红甜菜对土壤氮素吸收利用特点,进一步验证对增施氮肥反应敏感的低氮高效型、低氮低效高氮高效型品种。     

家具车间生产管理信息系统的设计

针对中、小型家具厂设计了一套生产管理信息系统,包括生产情报、工艺标准和内部记录3个输入子系统和生产计划、生产控制、产品质量控制和库存4个输出子系统.本文基于对各系统的分析,阐述了生产管理信息系统的设计思路和内容.