固液发酵法生产柿子醋的技术研究

以柿子为原料,采用固液发酵法生产的柿子醋,含有醋酸、有机酸、醇、糖、矿物质、维生素和氨基酸等成分,营养价值高,保健作用强。     

生物质糖化和乙醇发酵菌种资源的研究进展

世界能源安全正面临着挑战。发展清洁可再生的生物质燃料乙醇越来越被重视。菌种资源在燃料乙醇生产中起到至关重要的作用。概述了生物质糖化和乙醇发酵菌种资源的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

近红外玉米品种鉴别系统预处理和波长选择方

以7个品种玉米籽粒的鉴别系统为研究对象,对比研究了6种预处理方法和波长选择对模型鉴别能力的影响.结果表明,在被比较的6种预处理方法中,一阶导数方法能够使模型有更好的鉴别性能.使用一阶导数预处理和全光谱区的模型平均正确识别率和正确拒识率最高,分别为98.6%和98%,有5个品种的模型的正确识别率和正确拒识率都达到了100%.波长选择对一阶导数模型没有明显作用,但能使标准正态变量变换和矢量归一化模型鉴别准确度得到较大提高.     

干燥过程的变质量热力学分析

对一种典型热泵干燥系统进行了实验研究,并进行了干燥过程的变质量热力学分析,其方程具有普遍性。对过程进行质量守恒分析和变质量热力学第一定律分析,得到了干燥过程需热量和干燥效率等参数,并与经典热力学分析方法做出比较,最后给出了实际干燥过程为等焓过程的条件。     

拖拉机自动导航与机具偏转导航的仿真对比研究

针对现有免耕播种机在玉米秸秆立茬覆盖地免耕播种困难的问题,设计了拖拉机自动导航系统和机具偏转导航系统以实现免耕播种机具的避茬播种.在综合分析成本和导航精度的基础上,设计了机械式触杆作为两种导航系统的探测装置,并通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真,对比研究了两种导航系统的实时响应特性、控制精度和稳定性等.仿真结果表明:相对拖拉机自动导航系统,机具偏转导航系统可以提高3s左右的实时响应时间,并可提高控制精度,但其超调量范围大、稳定性较差.因此,在导航精度要求较高时,可采用机具偏转导航系统,提高免耕播种机具的田间通过性.     

潜水泵扩张式喷嘴排液装置的优化设计与试验

针对泄漏液体严重危及潜水泵安全的问题,在原非扩张式喷嘴排液装置的基础上,优化设计了一种具有扩张式喷嘴的在线排液装置.为了比较分别具有扩张式和非扩张式喷嘴的排液装置性能的优劣,设计了这两种形式的喷嘴,并设计了4种不同尺寸喉嘴距及6种不同尺寸混合管直径的排液装置;对各种不同的排液装置在同一试验台上分别进行了试验.试验结果表明,当排液装置的扬程为6 m时,具有扩张式喷嘴的排液装置具有更好的排液性能,其最佳工作压力为0.3 MPa,最佳喉嘴距为1.67倍喷嘴喉部直径之长度,最佳混合管直径为2倍喷嘴喉部直径.与非扩张式喷嘴排液装置相比较,具有最佳尺寸的扩张式喷嘴排液装置可以更好地解决潜水泵液体泄漏问题.     

基于FLUENT的单-双涡室离心泵径向力分析

以某电厂3715L型脱硫泵为模型,应用商业软件FLUENT,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对单-双涡室离心泵内部流场进行模拟,分析了这两种泵静压力和速度场的分布规律,并对径向力进行了计算分析.通过对比分析发现,单涡室离心泵在非设计工况点时隔舌两侧区域出现较大压差,作用于叶轮产生径向力,小流量时叶轮出口出现不对称的高速流体;双涡室结构能够有效地改善非设计工况点时压水室能量的转化,小流量时叶轮出口的高速液体呈对称分布,从而降低了压水室压差,起到了平衡径向力的作用;通过计算发现,偏离工况点时双涡室结构设计能有效地减小径向力.数值模拟的结果与现有理论的基本吻合,实际运行情况稳定,可以为更好地认识和设计双涡室离心泵提供依据.     

Standardizing catch and effort data of the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean for bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is often used as an index of relative abundance in fisheries stock assessments. However, the trends in nominal CPUE can be influenced by many factors in addition to stock abundance, including the choice of fishing location and target species, and environmental conditions. Consequently, catch and effort data are usually ‘standardized’ to remove the impact of such factors. Standardized CPUE for bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, caught by the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) for 1964–2004 were derived using three alternative approaches (GLM, GAM and the delta approach), and sensitivity was explored to whether catch-rates of yellowfin tuna and albacore tuna are included in the analyses. Year, latitude, and the catch-rate of yellowfin explained the most of the deviance (32–49%, depending on model configuration) and were identified consistently among methods, while trends in standardized catch-rate differed spatially. However, the trends in standardized catch-rates by area were found to be relatively insensitive to the approach used for standardization, including whether the catch-rates of yellowfin and albacore were included in the analyses.     

光唇鱼网箱养殖试验

网箱单养、混养光唇鱼的试验结果表明,在25m2网箱中,单养光唇鱼以200～220尾/m2的放养密度比较合适,单位面积产量可达12.7～12.9 kg/m2;瓯江彩鲤网箱中混养光唇鱼,在瓯江彩鲤保持180尾/m2的放养密度不变的情况下,混养20尾/m2的光唇鱼,其效果比单养瓯江彩鲤更好,单位面积产量可达103.2kg/m2.