Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Barodon on Growth Performance,Innate Immunity and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Olive Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,Against Streptococcus iniae

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Barodon, an anionic alkali mineral complex, on growth, feed utilization, humoral innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder. A basal experimental diet was used as a control and supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5% Barodon. Triplicate groups of fish (26.4 ± 0.2 g) were fed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 wk. The growth performance was enhanced (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically in fish fed diets containing Barodon compared with that in fish fed the control. Feed utilization was significantly improved by Barodon supplementation. Serum lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased quadratically in Barodon fed groups. Also, significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity was found in Barodon‐fed fish. Dietary supplementation of 0.1–0.3% Barodon resulted in significant enhancement of fish disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. The findings in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of Barodon can enhance growth, feed utilization, innate immunity, and disease resistance of olive flounder and that the optimum level seems to be 0.1% in diets.     

工业大麻割晒机的三维仿真设计

针对当前我国工业大麻割晒机研究现状与发展需求,运用三维软件UG设计了一款工业大麻割晒机,包括夹持输送机构、切割机构、传动机构、机架等。首先对星轮式拨禾机构、往复式切割器等零部件进行三维建模,然后根据各零部件之间的准确约束进行整机装配,并对样机各运转部件进行了干涉检查,仿真结果表明所设计的工业大麻割晒机符合农艺要求,并为后续的虚拟样机运动仿真、割台的结构优化奠定了良好的基础,提高了样机的研发速度。     

施肥量对泰兴香荷芋生长及产量效益的影响

通过对泰兴香荷芋施肥量研究,考查了各处理主要生育期的苗情与长势、成熟期子孙芋产量及商品芋产值效益。结果显示:基施腐熟脱水猪粪15t·hm-2,苗期追施(3.1叶)脱水猪粪15t·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥675kg·hm-2的处理子孙芋产量最高为23 421.90kg·hm-2,商品芋效益为88 506.60元·hm-2;基施有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+苗期追施(3.1叶)有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥450kg·hm-2+膨大肥(8.1叶)13-10-18高钾复合肥900kg·hm-2的处理产量相对较高。     

我国名人故居保护与利用的回顾与展望

指出了名人故居保护与利用是当前我国历史文化建筑保护的重要内容,通过对我国名人故居研究现况和保护阶段的梳理,从特征内涵、保护传承和开发利用3个方面归纳了我国现有名人故居保护的基本内容与特点。以此为基础,探讨了对名人故居保护利用研究的趋势与展望。     

后掠栅格翼不同马赫数下气动特性研究

为了栅格翼能更好地得以应用及发挥更优的气动性能,减小栅格翼的阻力系数,提高栅格翼升阻比成为栅格翼的研究重点,文章在基于前人对栅格翼优良结构和减阻方案探索的前提下,建立了在GI模型的基础上将栅格壁前缘和后缘进行了削尖的模型(GI-S)及在GI模型基础上前缘后掠且削尖的模型(GISB-S),并分析不同马赫数下的气动性,结果表明:GI-S升阻比最大,表现出最好的气动特性.     

黄河三角洲棉区机采棉品种筛选试验

通过机采棉品种筛选试验,筛选出适宜黄河三角洲地区气候条件和种植制度的机采棉品种。结果表明:鲁棉研37号和K836属中熟偏早品种,吐絮早而集中,株型紧凑抗倒伏,产量水平高,抗病性强,为该地区较适宜的机采棉品种。     

河北省塞罕坝机械林场改革发展调研报告

塞罕坝机械林场建场52年来完成了4项历史任务,为京津地区筑起了一道绿色生态屏障,成为京津重要生态区。林场通过内部体制改革,引入竞争机制,实行场长任期目标管理责任制,全面推行绩效工资制度、目标承诺制度和领导包保森林防火风险抵押金制度,着力培育新的产业经济增长点,各项事业健康发展,生态建设取得辉煌成就。但林场发展面临定位不清、体制不顺、生产生活等基础设施相对滞后、社会保障制度不健全等问题。对策:从根本上解决体制问题,明确定位,分类经营,完善社会保障,促进林场稳定与发展。     

非人灵长类动物慢性肾病模型研究进展

慢性肾病(Chronic kindey disease,CKD)作为高发病率、低防治率的常见疾病之一,目前尚无非人灵长类动物在CKD模型中应用的进展报告。建立CKD模型的非人灵长类动物主要是猕猴属中恒河猴、食蟹猴和豚尾猴3种。从造模方式看,主要采用的方法有诱导性模型和自发性模型两种。诱导型造模可分为药物诱导、免疫诱导、重金属化合物诱导、辐射损伤、生物诱导等不同方法。从肾脏病理改变看,有以肾小球病理改变为主,如猪尾猴疟原虫、牛丙种球蛋白等诱导者;有以肾小管病理改变为主,如氯化镉、顺铂等诱导者;有兼顾肾小球和肾小管损伤,如猴免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)诱导者。为利用非人灵长类动物进行CKD相关研究提供了方法学汇总,具有一定参考价值。     

用于黑土的稳定性氯化铵的适宜硝化抑制剂和氮肥增效剂组合

【目的】本文研究添加不同种类硝化抑制剂的高效稳定性氯化铵氮肥在黑土中的施用效果，旨在筛选出适合旱作黑土的高效稳定性氯化铵态氮肥。【方法】在氯化铵中分别添加硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐 (DMPP)、双氰胺 (DCD)、2-氯-6-三甲基吡啶 (Nitrapyrin，CP)、氨保护剂 (N-GD) 和1种氮肥增效剂 (HFJ) 及其组合，制成9种稳定性氯化铵氮肥。以不施氮肥 (CK) 和施普通氯化铵 (CK-N) 为对照，以9种稳定性氯化铵为处理进行了等氮量盆栽试验。在玉米苗期、大喇叭口期、灌浆期和成熟期测定了土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量，在玉米成熟期测定植株生物量、籽粒产量和氮素含量，计算铵态氮肥的表观硝化率、硝化抑制率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力。【结果】1) 与CK-N处理相比，9个处理均显著提高玉米的产量，HFJ的效果均为最显著，可增加玉米籽粒产量3.99倍，提高氮肥吸收利用率4.98倍，显著高于8个硝化抑制剂处理 (P < 0.05)。CP + DMPP和CP + DCD处理提高玉米籽粒产量1.90～2.11倍，两个处理之间无显著差异；CP + DMPP玉米生物量显著高于CP处理，而与DMPP和DCD处理无显著差异；CP + DMPP玉米氮肥吸收利用率显著高于CP和DMPP处理，显著提高3.71倍 (P < 0.05)；2) CP + DMPP和CP + DCD土壤中铵态氮含量提高2.09～2.42倍，且显著高于CP、DMPP和DCD处理 (P < 0.05)，而硝态氮含量和土壤表观硝化率均显著降低24%和66%～68%，与CP和DCD处理存在显著差异 (P < 0.05)；苗期CP + DMPP和CP + DCD硝化抑制率高达23.9%～24.3%，显著高于CP和DCD (P < 0.05)。【结论】在黑土中，氯化铵中添加硝化抑制剂组合的硝化抑制率显著高于添加单一抑制剂，能够有效减缓土壤中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化，减少土壤中氮素损失，降低环境污染。CP + DMPP组合玉米的氮肥吸收利用率显著高于CP + DCD组合。氮肥增效剂HFJ显著增加玉米的氮素吸收量，提高氮肥利用率，从而使玉米获得高产并获得较高的收获指数和经济系数。因此，综合考虑产量和抑制硝化作用等因素，黑土区氯化铵作为玉米生产用氮肥时，建议首选添加氮肥增效剂HFJ来保证作物的高产和氮肥高利用率，也可以添加硝化抑制剂组合CP + DMPP，或者CP + DCD制备稳定性氯化铵来提高氯化铵的增产效果和氮肥利用率，减少氮素损失，降低环境污染。     

Summer drought decreases Leymus chinensis productivity through constraining the bud,tiller and shoot production

Extreme drought events can directly decrease productivity in perennial grasslands. However, for rhizomatous perennial grasses it remains unknown how drought events influence the belowground bud bank which determines future productivity. Ninety‐day‐long drought events imposed on Leymus chinensis, a rhizomatous perennial grass, caused a 41% decrease in the aboveground biomass and a 28% decrease in belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass decreased due to decrease in both the parent and the daughter shoot biomass. The decreases in daughter shoot biomass were due to reductions in both the shoot number and each individual shoot weight. Most importantly, drought decreased the bud bank density by 56%. In addition, drought induced a bud allocation change that decreased by 41% the proportion of buds that developed into shoots and a 41% increase in the buds that developed into rhizomes. Above results were supported by our field experiment with watering treatments. Thus, a 90‐day‐long summer drought event decreases not only current productivity but also future productivity, because the drought reduces the absolute bud number. However, plasticity in plant development does partly compensate for this reduction in bud number by increasing bud development into rhizomes, which increases the relative allocation of buds into future shoots, at the cost of a decrease in current shoots.