废渣固态发酵生产酵母蛋白质饲料及其产业化发展措施

文章综述了近几年来采用废渣固态发酵技术生产酵母蛋白质饲料的研究进展,对其应用前景和产业化发展措施进行了探讨,并提出制订固态发酵产的酵母粉的质量评估指标与质量标准,以规范该产品的生产、品管和销售市场。     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌免疫原性研究Ⅰ.荚膜的形态学观察及荚膜物质的提取

本研究应用电镜对Ⅰ型鸭疫里氏杆菌的荚膜进行了初步观察,在电镜下,负染的菌体周围呈一电子透明层;未经抗体处理的细菌超薄切片,荚膜在菌体周围呈松散的絮状结构,而应用同源抗体处理后,荚膜则呈一均匀层。同时在超薄切片中还看到细菌的空泡和外膜结构。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＡＢ）成功地提取了培养物上清液中的荚膜成分,经过测定比较,加入５ｍＭＣＴＡＢ时效果最佳。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

反刍动物微生态制剂研究进展.

微生态制剂通过改善反刍动物瘤胃及肠道微生态平衡,促进营养物质吸收,增强机体免疫和抗热应激能力。利用微生态制剂减少抗生素的使用量,符合人们对绿色、安全食品的需求,从而越来越受到人们的关注。本文综述了微生态制剂的作用机理,以及在反刍动物中的应用,并对其未来的前景和研究方向进行了分析。     

猪毛滴虫病病原及诊治的研究进展

猪毛滴虫病的历史较短,关于该病的研究和病例报道也较少。近年来,随着该病导致保育猪腹泻病例日益增多,猪毛滴虫病对养猪业的危害日益显现。本文就该病的病原、危害性、致病机理、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断以及防治作一综述,旨在为猪毛滴虫病的研究和防控提供参考。     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

含氟废水深度处理的研究

以火力发电厂的废树脂为载体 ,制备了负载锆水合氧化物的氟离子吸附树脂 ,并探讨了该负载树脂对氟离子的吸附和脱附性能 .结果表明 :制备该负载树脂的适宜锆浓度为 0 5mol L ,负载树脂吸附和脱附的适宜pH值分别为4 0和 12 0 .该负载树脂的吸附符合Langmuir型吸附等温线 ,通过这种等温线可以得出 ,CF- =1mg L时负载树脂的平衡吸附量qe 为 5 0 0 0mg L .利用该负载树脂对模拟火电厂的含氟废水进行处理 ,取得了较好的效果 .     

马鹿Zfx/Zfy基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中公布的牛Zfx/Zfy基因的mRNA序列,设计特异性引物,对马鹿Zfx/Zfy基因进行扩增,并对该序列进行分析。结果表明,克隆得到马鹿Zfx基因序列长为2 115 bp,GenBank登录号为KP257294.1,编码696个氨基酸;Zfy基因序列长为2 406 bp,GenBank登录号为KU041539,编码801个氨基酸。依据Zfx/Zfy基因氨基酸序列构建进化树,分析表明,马鹿Zfx基因与人的亲缘关系较近,与聚为一类的野牛、藏羚羊、虎、家猫、家牛、家犬、绵羊的亲缘关系稍远;Zfy基因与家牛、野牛、藏羚羊、绵羊的亲缘关系较近,与其他动物及人的亲缘关系较远。本研究首次克隆了马鹿Zfx/Zfy基因,为研究该基因蛋白质的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

无磷酸氢钙日粮对生长猪的影响研究

将48头杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪随机分为两组,分别饲喂正常磷水平日粮和无磷酸氢钙日粮,结果表明与正常磷水平日粮相比,无磷酸氢钙日粮可显著提高磷的表观消化率(P＜0.05),增加猪场的纯收入,减少粪中磷的排放以保护猪场周边的生态环境.