几种方法测定苹果矮化砧木枝条抗寒性指标的比较

应用几种不同抗性苹果矮化砧木1年生休眠枝条,在低温胁迫下对其电导率、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等指标进行了测定比较。结果表明,砧木间的电导率、丙二醛含量、SOD酶活性在各低温点差异一致,表现稳定。测得的砧木抗寒性顺序基本反映了砧木的特性。而低温胁迫期间游离脯氨酸含量没有规律性。电导率、丙二醛含量和SOD酶活性3种测定方法和指标可作为砧木早期抗寒性的实验室综合鉴定方法。     

弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在妊娠期山羊黄体细胞中的共存

【目的】探讨S-100蛋白、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和突触素(SYP)4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在黄体细胞中的共存情况。【方法】采取妊娠中期(50~70 d)奶山羊卵巢,常规方法制备石蜡切片,采用免疫荧光双标记法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察,对4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物的分布进行了检测。【结果】S-100蛋白与SYP共存于同一黄体细胞中,表达呈强阳性,阳性细胞主要分布在黄体周边,占总阳性细胞的56.57%。S-100蛋白与5-HT、5-HT与SYP、NSE与SYP、5-HT与NSE、S-100蛋白与NSE共存的细胞呈弱阳性,分别占总阳性细胞的18.42%,15.67%,4.31%,4.30%和0.73%,均匀分布于整个黄体中。【结论】S-100蛋白、5-HT、NSE和SYP在山羊黄体细胞中有两两共存现象。     

白菜种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR标记分析

从分子水平用ISSR标记法对白菜遗传多样性进行分析,从100个ISSR引物中共筛选出11个多态性明显、条带清晰、反应稳定的引物,对65个样品DNA共扩增出107条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出9.72条带,其中多态性位点102个(93.5%).种间遗传相似系数在遗传距离在0.40-0.65之间,表明白菜栽培种内品种间的遗传基础相时较宽,存在较大的遗传变异性.利用UPGMA聚类分析表明:能将65个白菜地方品种划分为四大类.由ISSR标记聚类结果所表现出的大多种质之间的亲缘关系与其来源地有较大的相关性,但也有地理差别很大的白菜资源遗传关系较近的情况.研究还表明,ISSR标记比RAPD标记具有更高的稳定性,在植物遗传多样性的分子标记或克隆研究中,可优先使用ISSR标记.     

Comparison of Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Acid-Soluble and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from Blacktip Reef Shark Skin

Fish collagen has been widely used in tissue engineering (TE) applications as an implant, which is generally transplanted into target tissue with stem cells for better regeneration ability. In this case, the success rate of this research depends on the fundamental components of fish collagen such as amino acid composition, structural and rheological properties. Therefore, researchers have been trying to find an innovative raw material from marine origins for tissue engineering applications. Based on this concept, collagens such as acid-soluble (ASC) and pepsin-soluble (PSC) were extracted from a new type of cartilaginous fish, the blacktip reef shark, for the first time, and were further investigated for physicochemical, protein pattern, microstructural and peptide mapping. The study results confirmed that the extracted collagens resemble the protein pattern of type-I collagen comprising the α₁, α₂, β and γ chains. The hydrophobic amino acids were dominant in both collagens with glycine and hydroxyproline as major amino acids. From the FTIR spectra, α helix (27.72 and 26.32%), β-sheet (22.24 and 23.35%), β-turn (21.34 and 22.08%), triple helix (14.11 and 14.13%) and random coil (14.59 and 14.12%) structures of ASC and PSC were confirmed, respectively. Collagens retained their triple helical and secondary structure well. Both collagens had maximum solubility at 3% NaCl and pH 4, and had absorbance maxima at 234 nm, respectively. The peptide mapping was almost similar for ASC and PSC at pH 2, generating peptides ranging from 15 to 200 kDa, with 23 kDa as a major peptide fragment. The microstructural analysis confirmed the homogenous fibrillar nature of collagens with more interconnected networks. Overall, the preset study concluded that collagen can be extracted more efficiently without disturbing the secondary structure by pepsin treatment. Therefore, the blacktip reef shark skin could serve as a potential source for collagen extraction for the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.     

分根区交替灌溉对盆栽甜玉米水分及氮素利用的影响

分根区交替灌溉(APRI)是高效节水新技术,该文通过盆栽试验,研究了不同水肥条件下,3种不同灌溉方式对甜玉米干物质积累、水分和氮素利用的影响。结果表明：在施肥和充分供水条件下,与常规灌溉(CI)相比,分根区交替灌溉节水29.1%,总干物质量和冠干物质量仅分别减少6.3%和5.6%,而水分利用效率和氮肥表观利用率分别提高24.3%和16.4%,这表明分根区交替灌溉的节水节肥效应要与合理施肥和适宜的灌水量相结合才能发挥更好的作用。而部分根干燥灌溉(PRD)由于总干物质量下降太多,水分利用效率和氮肥表观利用率都没有得到提高。     

转ipt基因杂交水稻F1的遗传特性及其主要农艺性状分析

通过对转基因恢复系转ipt R527和金23A杂交后代F1群体的DNA检测,检测到杂种F1群体中阳性植株和阴性植株的比例为7∶1,不符合孟德尔规律;考察了转ipt R527和金23A杂种F1的株高、单株产量、结实率、千粒重、穗长、穗粒数、穗数等7个性状,与对照(金优527)相比,结实率、千粒重、穗长高于对照,单株产量、穗粒数、穗数低于对照,农艺性状间的相关分析表明,千粒重和穗数是影响转基因杂种F1单株产量的重要因素。     

过瘤胃脂肪的研究进展

反刍动物在长时间的热应激情况下．采食量下降,能量摄入不足,体况下降,生产性能显著降低．并由此引发多种疾病。因此,高能量水平饲料的配制及添加剂的使用日益成为关注的问题。同时其又可避免大量使用精料带来的一系列问题,是实现高能量饲养的理想饲料。由于反刍动物瘤胃的固有特点（Katz和Keeney 1967）,     

The mechanical roles of the clasping leaf sheath in cereals: Two case studies from oat and wheat plants

Stem lodging is a common problem in cereal crop production and a main constraint for grain yield improvement. The leaf sheath that surrounds and protects the hollow internodes of stem could provide the plants with a great physical support. However, this biomechanical function has been ignored for several decades in cereal crops. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of basal stem internodes and lodging susceptibility of the whole plants with or without the clasping leaf sheath in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) among different genotypes and agronomic practices (including planting densities and nitrogen application rates). The main objective was to quantify the mechanical role of the leaf sheath in oat and wheat crops by a “safety factor” method. On average, the leaf sheath contributed 40%, 68% and 38% of the overall stem bending strength, flexural rigidity and safety factor, in oat, while it accounted for 11%, 24% and 10%, respectively, in wheat plants. The significant contribution of the leaf sheath is due to its vital role in enlarging the peripheral position (i.e., second moment of area) and stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus). The contribution ratios (%) were found to be higher in oat than in wheat plants, due to the greater mass density of leaf sheath and more proficient/prevailing stay-green capability in oat genotypes. This study emphasizes the important mechanical role of clasping leaf sheath on stem internodes of cereals and indicates that the stay-green trait of the leaf sheath can be exploited to design appropriate varieties with improved lodging resistance and great yield potential.     

基于机器视觉的玉米秸秆行实时定位机器人设计

为了实现机器人玉米秸秆行的精确定位,对耕作玉米机器人的结构进行了改进,并提出了一种基于泰勒级数展开式的RSSI定位方法,提高了机器人玉米秸秆行的定位精度。定位系统使用高清晰度的摄像机采集图像,并采用PID闭环反馈的方式控制机器人的位移,利用PC主控端图像处理,实现了实时定位功能。为了验证机器人玉米秸秆行定位的可靠性,采用田间试验的方法对机器人的性能进行了测试。结果表明:RSSI定位方法的定位精度较高,且图像处理系统可以准确地标定玉米秸秆行,实现机器人在玉米田中的精确定位,避免了机器人在作业过程中对农作物造成损害。     

农机车载电子设备用户界面框架设计

介绍了一种农机车载电子设备显示界面框架的设计与实现。基于C语言分析设计了界面框架的数据结构,使用分层的数据结构设计方法实现了多类型数据的显示需要和灵活的界面类型组合方式,以极少的开销实现了多级菜单。将内容数据与操作函数分离,解决了操作函数复用的问题,同时提高了程序的可维护性。提出的新型的界面显示框架实现了多种农业装备常见的界面应用类型,解决了小屏幕嵌入式系统显示界面移植性差问题。