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Orkun B. Kovanci James F. Walgenbach George G. Kennedy Coby Schal 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(4):334-342
The efficacy of microencapsulated sprayable pheromone was evaluated at different application rates and intervals for mating
disruption of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Busck), in apple orchards during 2002. The following treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with
three replications: (i) a low rate of pheromone (6.2 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 14-day intervals, (ii) a medium rate of pheromone (12.4 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 28-day intervals, (iii) a high rate of pheromone (24.7 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 28- day intervals, and (iv) a non-pheromone control (insecticides only). The combination of a single insecticide
application against first generationG. molesta at petal fall with one pheromone application each for the second, third and fourth generations at 12.4–24.7 g a.i. ha−1 successfully controlled low populations. Pheromone-treated blocks. had significantly lower trap catches than those in the
insecticide-treated control blocks. Among pheromone treatments, significantly more moths were caught in the 6.2 g compared
with the 12.4 and 24.7 g rates. Fruit damage was <1% at harvest and there were no significant differences among treatments.
Low rate frequent applications of sprayable formulation appeared to be effective under low pest pressure but efficacy declined
with increasing populations. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach under higher pest
pressure.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 13, 2005. 相似文献
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Bahattin Tanyolac 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(6):611-614
Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic distance among H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum populations from west Turkey. Fifty-five RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were used to detect variation among sample. A total of 55 polymorphic loci were found using 65 primers. Two distinct cluster groups were clearly established among populations. The minimum variation was detected between Pinarbasi and Bornova (GD = 0.192) populations and the maximum was found between Icmeler and Aydin populations (GD = 0.926). As two dominant markers, RAPD and ISSRs are effective and promising marker systems for detecting genetic variation. 相似文献