Genetic variability in bread wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) of Pakistan based on polymorphism for high molecular weight glutenin subunits

Variation in bread wheat including pre and post green revolutions varieties of Pakistan along with landraces was investigated for high molecular weight Glutenin subunits (HMW Gs) encoded at three genes (Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1) with SDS-PAGE. The germplasm was diverse and unique on the basis of HMW Gs compositions and out of 14 alleles detected at all the Glu-1 loci, three belonged to Glu-A1, nine to Glu-B1 and two to Glu-D1 locus. High variation was observed in the landraces and higher gene diversity was observed between the populations as compared to the gene diversity within populations, whereas a reverse pattern of gene diversity was observed when populations were pooled across the region (higher within the regions than between the regions). A lack of relationship between the HMW Gs diversity and the altitude of collection site was observed. A data base has been generated in this study which could be expanded/exploited for cultivar development or management of gene bank.     

MES [2-(N-morpholine)-ethane sulphonic acid] buffer promotes the growth of external hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in an alkaline sand

In this work we investigated the hypothesis, suggested by unpublished experiments carried out previously, that application of MES [2-(N-morpholino)-ethane sulphonic acid] buffer to the substrate of plants hosting the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices might favour the growth of external hyphae. The substrate of Trifolium pratense plants, with or without G. intraradices inoculum, was treated twice weekly, between weeks 5 and 11 of growth, plant with distilled water, P-supplemented 10% Hewitt nutrient solution (H+P), 51mM in H+P or 1mM TRIS-HCl in H+P. MES buffer increased the length of external G. intraradices hyphae and the density of propagules in the substrate, but plant growth was not affected. Although both TRIS-HCl and MES caused substrate pH to fall (from 8.51 to 7.35 and 7.17, respectively), only MES induced a significant increase in external hypha length. We conclude that the effect of MES on external hypha length was not due to plant growth or to substrate pH per se. Received: 10 March 1996     

咏梅斋号撷趣

主要对我国历史上部分名人咏梅斋号的由来和寓意进行了分析与探讨。     

Animal gene pool preservation and conservation

An epididymal sperm cryobank of rare and endangered animal species not having world analogues has been created. New breeding forms of agricultural animals have been produced with the use of modern biotechnological methods on the basis of wide hybridization.     

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation on key growth parameters and fruit yield of pepper plants grown at high salinity

This study investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation by Glomus clarum on growth and fruit yield of pepper (Capsicum annum cv. 11B 14) grown at high salinity. The experiment was conducted in pots containing a mixture of perlite and sand (1:1, v/v) under glasshouse conditions. Treatments were: (1) no added NaCl without arbuscular mycorrhizae (NS-AM), (2) no added NaCl with arbuscular mycorrhizae (NS + AM), (3) added 50 mM NaCl without arbuscular mycorrhizae (S1-AM) and (4) added 100 mM NaCl without arbuscular mycorrhizae (S2-AM), (5) added 50 mM NaCl with arbuscular mycorrhizae (S1 + AM) and (4) added 100 mM NaCl with arbuscular mycorrhizae (S2 + AM). The NaCl treatments reduced pepper shoot and root dry matter, and fruit yield compared with the non-saline treatments. The concentrations of N, P and K, in the leaves were significantly reduced by salinity stress, however, mycorrhizal colonisation of the salt-stressed plants restored leaf nutrient concentrations to the levels in non-stressed plants in most cases. AM inoculation improved pepper growth under salt or saltless conditions and reduced cell membrane leakage.     

Morphophysiological Features of Some Cultivable Bacteria from Saline Soils of the Aral Sea Region

Eurasian Soil Science - The study of the microbiome of saline soils is of significant scientific and practical interest in relation to the capacity of these microorganisms for adaptation to extreme...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水溶肥料中五氧化二磷的含量

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法,实现了对水溶肥料产品中五氧化二磷含量的直接测定,避免了水解不完全导致的结果偏低等问题。该方法五氧化二磷浓度在 0.00～ 200.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r 2=0.9998),相对标准偏差(RSD)在 0.25%～ 0.47%之间,加标回收率在 97.92%～102.0%,检出限为 0.0028%。同时,与磷钼酸喹啉重量法检测结果进行比较,结果相吻合,能够满足样品中五氧化二磷含量的分析检测要求。     

几个谷子穗发育突变体的表型分析

谷子的穗是产量的决定器官,突变体是研究穗发育调控基因的理想材料。对利用EMS化学诱变Yugu1获得稳定遗传的穗发育突变体进行表型分析。结果显示,不同于野生型的圆筒形穗,4个穗形突变体中,2个突变体为短粗圆筒形穗,另两个分别为鸭嘴形穗和棍棒形穗;并且穗下节间长度、主穗质量、主穗粒质量等均极显著低于野生型。6个稀码突变体中,3个突变体的穗码密度极显著低于野生型,2个突变体的穗码密度显著低于野生型,1个突变体的主穗码数显著减少,但穗码密度变化不显著;在籽粒产量方面, T25突变体只有主穗粒数显著少于野生型外,其他5个突变体的主穗粒数、主穗粒质量、千粒质量均显著低于野生型。这10个突变体的表型变异明显,可作为研究谷子及禾本科植物穗发育调控基因的理想材料。     

Extraction of Heavy Metals from Manure and their Bioavailability to Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) after Composting

An investigation was carried out on the extractability of heavy metals (HM) from livestock manure during composting and their uptake by spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) from compost-amended soil. Significant temporal changes were recorded for elements during composting of manure. Higher concentrations of metals were observed during the early stages of composting. Conversely, later stages of composting produced higher amounts of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) in the water extract. Total carbon (C) in the samples was inversely related to the length of composting. The application of composted manure increased spinach growth as compared to the fresh manure. Concentrations of HM in spinach varied in the order iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > manganese (Mn) > cadmium (Cd) > lead (Pb) > copper (Cu) and their release from post-harvest soil was identical to that in manure samples. The low extractability of HM may suggest that the use of composted manures would lessen environmental pollution problem in the fields.