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Linseisen J Rohrmann S Norat T Gonzalez CA Dorronsoro Iraeta M Morote Gómez P Chirlaque MD Pozo BG Ardanaz E Mattisson I Pettersson U Palmqvist R Van Guelpen B Bingham SA McTaggart A Spencer EA Overvad K Tjønneland A Stripp C Clavel-Chapelon F Kesse E Boeing H Klipstein-Grobusch K Trichopoulou A Vasilopoulou E Bellos G Pala V Masala G Tumino R Sacerdote C Del Pezzo M Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Ocke MC Peeters PH Engeset D Skeie G Slimani N Riboli E 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):449-464
104.
Maedi-visna virus infection of ovine mammary epithelial cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bolea R Monleón E Carrasco L Vargas A de Andrés D Amorena B Badiola JJ Luján L 《Veterinary research》2006,37(1):133-144
The aim of this work was to perform a complete study of maedi-visna virus (MVV) infected mammary glands of naturally-infected sheep, and to determine if cells other than macrophages undergo a productive viral infection in this organ. Fifteen seropositive and two seronegative ewes were selected from MVV-infected flocks on the basis of clinical indurative mastitis and three sheep from an MVV-free flock. Within the mammary gland, MVV-positive cells were located by immunohistochemistry in the stroma and the epithelial alveolar barrier, most likely the ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMEC) of the acini. In situ hybridization confirmed these findings. Ultrastructural studies showed the presence of lentivirus-like particles budding off the cell surface in the alveolar barrier and also free in the acinar lumen. The presence of mammary histopathological lesions and MVV together with clear indications of productive infection (demonstration of a cytopathic effect in OMEC cultures and infection of co-cultures) were observed in the 15 seropositive and one of the seronegative sheep from the infected flock. These findings demonstrate that the OMEC were infected in vivo and probably underwent productive infection when studied ex-vivo. The OMEC of MVV-free sheep, which had subsequently been infected in vitro with MVV, also showed productive infection when challenged in vitro, confirming the replication of MVV in OMEC in vitro. The presence of MVV-infected OMEC in the mammary gland from infected animals, the productive infection in these OMEC and the release of lentiviral particles to the acinar lumen may have relevance in the pathogenesis and transmission of MVV infection. 相似文献
105.
Murcia MA Egea I Romojaro F Parras P Jiménez AM Martínez-Tomé M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(7):1872-1881
The antioxidant properties of seven dessert spices (anise, cinnamon, ginger, licorice, mint, nutmeg, and vanilla) were compared with those of the common food antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (E-320), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (E-321), and propyl gallate (E-310). The influence of irradiation process on antioxidant activity was also evaluated. Mint and cinnamon exhibited a higher percentage of inhibition of oxidation than the other spices analyzed and the food antioxidants, as tested by the lipid peroxidation assay (LOO*). Nutmeg, anise, and licorice showed the strongest protection in the deoxyribose assay (OH*). Vanilla exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the peroxidase-based assay (H2O2). Nutmeg, propyl gallate, ginger, and licorice improved the stability of oils (sunflower, corn, and olive) and fats (butter and margarine) against oxidation (110 degrees C Rancimat). Cinnamon was a better superoxide radical scavenger than the other analyzed spices and additives. When the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay was used to provide a ranking order of antioxidant activity, the result in decreasing order of antioxidant capacity was cinnamon approximately equal to propyl gallate > mint > anise > BHA > licorice approximately equal to vanilla > ginger > nutmeg > BHT. Irradiated samples did not show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity with respect to the non-irradiated samples (1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy) in the assays used. 相似文献
106.
David Draper Antonia Rosselló-Graell Cristina Tauleigne Gomes 《Biological conservation》2003,113(3):337-349
A plant conservation programme is a complex process that requires several sets of studies. The relationships between plant location and its environment play an important role. Nowadays, the use of a GIS constitutes an essential complement for these studies that allows the incorporation of space and the analysis of these ecological interactions. GIS is being used at the Lisbon University Botanical Garden as a tool for conservation programmes on several plant groups and situations. Four case studies are presented in this work: (1) comparing ecological patterns between local and regional scale for the endangered bryophyte Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr.; (2) selecting protected areas according to habitat suitability—the case of endangered Portuguese bryophytes; (3) analysing the impact of the alien Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N. E. Br. on endemic plant species at the Berlengas Natural Reserve; and (4) ecogeographical survey for selection of sites for seed collection in order to guarantee a representative sample of the existing genetic diversity. Finally, this work discusses how the implementation of a GIS can help to optimise results and fieldwork effort. 相似文献
107.
Excessive hunting pressure, due in large part to commercialization, has reduced the populations of many tropical large mammal species. Wildlife over-exploitation is severe in Indonesia, especially on Sulawesi, where human resources and funding are inadequate to monitor the wildlife trade and enforce existing protection laws. In response, the Wildlife Crimes Unit program was established in December 2001 to: (i) monitor wildlife transportation into North Sulawesi and market sales; (ii) provide legal and technical support to law enforcement agencies; and (iii) promote public awareness of wildlife and protection laws. Over a two-year period, 6963 wild mammals en route to markets were encountered (∼8 individuals h−1) and 96,586 wild mammals were documented during market surveys. The trade of some protected mammals declined significantly over this period, but overall trade in wild mammals increased by 30%. High volume of trade in non-protected animals such as the Sulawesi pig Sus celebensis and large flying foxes (Pteropodidae), raise concerns about the sustainability of current harvesting. To combat this problem, we recommend that: (1) efforts are continued to reduce trade in protected species; (2) protected status is extended to heavily traded but non-protected taxa, such as flying foxes; (3) the effects of hunting on rat and bat populations, as well as its impact on forest dynamics, are quantified; and (4) work is carried out with local communities to strengthen awareness, set sustainable limits on wild mammal harvesting, and establish practical mechanisms for enforcing these limits. 相似文献
108.
Five mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) species were identified as new records for Spain: Phenacoccus madeirensis (Green), Phenacoccus solani Ferris, Dysmicoccus boninsis (Kuwana), Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink and Ferrisia malvastra (McDaniel). 相似文献
109.
Borrelli L Fioretti A Ruggiero V Santaniello A Cringoli G Ricci A Barco L Menna LF Dipineto L 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):385-387
A total of 1,000 rectal samples were collected from rabbits coming from 25 rabbit farms in southern Italy. All samples were processed for isolation of Salmonella spp. by standard culture method based on the ISO 6579:2002 method. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 1/25 rabbit farms analyzed. In particular, four out of 1,000 rectal swab samples, taken from young rabbits, were serotyped as S. Typhimurium and phage typed as S. Typhimurium DT104. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (ACSSuT pentaresistance type). The findings of the present study suggest the rabbit as potential carrier of S. Typhimurium DT104. 相似文献
110.
Mirko Mutalipassi Gennaro Riccio Valerio Mazzella Christian Galasso Emanuele Somma Antonia Chiarore Donatella de Pascale Valerio Zupo 《Marine drugs》2021,19(4)
Cyanobacteria are a diversified phylum of nitrogen-fixing, photo-oxygenic bacteria able to colonize a wide array of environments. In addition to their fundamental role as diazotrophs, they produce a plethora of bioactive molecules, often as secondary metabolites, exhibiting various biological and ecological functions to be further investigated. Among all the identified species, cyanobacteria are capable to embrace symbiotic relationships in marine environments with organisms such as protozoans, macroalgae, seagrasses, and sponges, up to ascidians and other invertebrates. These symbioses have been demonstrated to dramatically change the cyanobacteria physiology, inducing the production of usually unexpressed bioactive molecules. Indeed, metabolic changes in cyanobacteria engaged in a symbiotic relationship are triggered by an exchange of infochemicals and activate silenced pathways. Drug discovery studies demonstrated that those molecules have interesting biotechnological perspectives. In this review, we explore the cyanobacterial symbioses in marine environments, considering them not only as diazotrophs but taking into consideration exchanges of infochemicals as well and emphasizing both the chemical ecology of relationship and the candidate biotechnological value for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. 相似文献