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991.
Within-field variations in potential grain yield may be due to variations in plant available soil water. Different water holding capacities affect yield differently in different years depending on weather. By estimating plant-water availability in different weathers, scenarios could be created of how yield potential and thereby fertilizer demand may vary within fields. To test this, measured cereal grain yields from a dry, a wet and an intermediate year were compared with different soil moisture related variables in a Swedish arable field consisting of clayey and sandy areas. Soil water budget calculations based on weather data and maximum plant available water (PAW), estimated from soil type and rooting data, were used to assess drought. A reasonable correlation between estimated and measured soil moisture was achieved. In the dry year, drought days explained differences in yield between the clayey and the sandy soil, but yield was better explained directly by maximum PAW, elevation, clay content and soil electrical conductivity (SEC). Yield correlated significantly with SEC and elevation within the sandy soil in the dry year and within the clayey soil in the wet year, probably due to water and nitrogen limitation respectively. Dense SEC, elevation and yield data were therefore used to divide the field into management zones representing different risk levels for drought and waterlogging. These could be used as a decision support tool for site-specific N fertilization, since both drought and waterlogging affect N fertilization demand.  相似文献   
992.
水分胁迫对爱宕梨渗透调节的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以二年生爱宕梨盆栽幼树为试材 ,研究水分胁迫对爱宕梨渗透调节的影响。结果表明 ,在水分胁迫下 ,随着土壤含水量的降低 ,梨树叶片组织相对含水量下降 ,叶水势增加。梨树在水分胁迫下具有一定的渗透调节能力 ,随着胁迫程度的增加 ,渗透调节物质K+ 含量和可溶性糖含量上升 ,当达到一定浓度后 ,诱发脯氨酸和游离氨基酸的大量生成。但水分胁迫超过一定程度后 ,细胞膜透性增加 ,原生质遭受破坏 ,植株枯死。  相似文献   
993.
Through a discursive and organizational analysis we seek to understand the Biosafety Protocol and the place of socioeconomic regulation of agricultural biotechnology in it. The literature on the Protocol has been fairly extensive, but little of it has explored debates over socioeconomic regulation during the negotiation process or the regulatory requirements specified in the final document. This case is especially important at a time when the spread of neoliberalism is increasingly associated with deregulation, because it sheds light on the conditions under which circumvention of the market is deemed legitimate and socio-economic regulation of agricultural technology is possible. Daniel Lee Kleinman is a professor in the Department of Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he is also affiliated with the Holtz Center for Science and Technology Studies and the Integrated Liberal Studies Program. He is the author and editor of a number of books, including Impure Cultures: University Biology and the World of Commerce (2003). Abby J. Kinchy is a PhD candidate in the Departments of Sociology and Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Her current research examines the controversies surrounding the genetic “contamination” of Mexican maize and Canadian canola.  相似文献   
994.
探讨了反应温度、滴定酸度、胃蛋白酶添加量、CaCl2加入量等因素对胃蛋白酶凝乳作用的影响规律,确定了用胃蛋白酶生产干酪时的主要工艺参数,反应温度39℃;滴定酸度24T;CaCl2加入量0.015%;加酶量随酶活而定。  相似文献   
995.
996.
小菜蛾寄生性天敌研究及引进利用进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
 就小菜蛾寄生性天敌种类研究及主要寄生蜂引进利用进展进行了综述。寄生性昆虫种类109种,其中卵期寄生蜂5种,幼虫期寄生蜂81种,蛹期寄生蜂23种。对小菜蛾主要寄生蜂的应用前景进行了初步评价。  相似文献   
997.
潜蝇姬小蜂研究概况   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
 介绍了斑潜蝇优势寄生蜂——潜蝇姬小蜂的生物学,在斑潜蝇防治中的应用及控害作用及农药对其的影响。  相似文献   
998.
The economics of harvesting wheat based on input management zones in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia was studied using a simulated field of regular dimensions with varying zone sizes and layouts. Fertilizer application rates and crop yield and quality data from field trials of input management were used to estimate the gross crop revenue and harvesting costs from the different field layouts and zone combinations. As a general observation there was no consistency in the results; harvesting by zone generated more gross income in some combinations of field layout and yield quantity scenarios, but not in others. However, there were key factors in determining whether it was profitable to harvest by zone. These were prior knowledge of the potential yield and quality characteristics of grain from each zone in a field, and the layout of zones within a field.  相似文献   
999.
Advocates of environmental sustainability and social justice increasingly pursue their goals through the promotion of so-called “green” products such as locally grown organic produce. While many scholars support this strategy, others criticize it harshly, arguing that environmental degradation and social injustice are inherent results of capitalism and that positive social change must be achieved through collective action. This study draws upon 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork at two farmers markets located in demographically different parts of the San Francisco Bay Area to examine how market managers, vendors, and regular customers negotiate tensions between their economic strategies and environmental sustainability and social justice goals. Managers, vendors, and customers emphasize the ethical rather than financial motivations of their markets through comparisons to capitalist, industrial agriculture and through attention to perceived economic sacrifices made by market vendors. They also portray economic strategies as a pragmatic choice, pointing to failed efforts to achieve justice and sustainability through policy change as well as difficulties funding and sustaining non-profit organizations. While market managers, vendors, and customers deny any difficulties pursuing justice and sustainability through local economics, the need for vendors to sustain their livelihoods does sometimes interfere with their social justice goals. This has consequences for the function of each market.
Alison Hope AlkonEmail:

Alison Hope Alkon   is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Davis. Her research examines how efforts to create environmental protection and social justice operate in a market context.  相似文献   
1000.
Engagement for transformation: Value webs for local food system development   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Engagement happens when academics and non-academics form partnerships to create mutual understanding, and then take action together. An example is the “value web” work associated with W. K. Kellogg Foundation’s Food Systems Higher Education–Community Partnership. Partners nationally work on local food systems development by building value webs. “Value chains,” a concept with considerable currency in the private sector, involves creating non-hierarchical relationships among otherwise disparate actors and entities to achieve collective common goals. The value web concept is extended herein by separating the values of the web itself, such as the value of collaboration, from values “in” the web, such as credence values associated with a product or service. By sharing and discussing case examples of work underway around the United States, the authors make a case for employing the value webs concept to represent a strategy for local food systems development, specifically, and for higher education–community partnerships, generally.
Daniel R. BlockEmail:

Daniel R. Block   is an associate professor of geography and coordinator of the Frederick Blum Neighborhood Assistance Center at Chicago State University. His current research focuses on food access issues in urban environments, particularly in Chicago. Michael Thompson   is an assistant professor at Oregon State University, and a Seafood and Fisheries specialist for Oregon Sea Grant Extension. Primary areas of research include fisheries management, seafood quality/handling, and seafood product development. Jill Euken   is an industrial specialist for biobased products for Iowa State University Extension/CIRAS, and deputy director, ISU Bioeconomy Institute. She was part of the steering team for the Iowa Value Chain Partnership for Sustainable Agriculture and led the Bioeconomy Working Group. Toni Liquori   is a nutritionist, teacher and food activist with a long time interest in the design, implementation, and evaluation of school-based intervention programs and coalition building for activism around food related issues, as well as teaching and training in public health. Frank Fear   is senior associate dean, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; and professor, in the Department of Community, Agriculture, Recreation and Resources Studies; and Senior Outreach Fellow at Michigan State University. He is lead author of Coming to Critical Engagement (University Press of America, 2006), an analysis of the engagement movement in higher education; and recently completed two terms as president of the Greater Lansing Food Bank. Sherill Baldwin   is ecology director at Mercy Center at Madison, Connecticut, a spiritual retreat and conference center. She previously provided consulting services to CitySeed, Inc. in New Haven (CT) and to Frank Fear and the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for a community learning project related to sustainable food systems. She has an MS in Resource Development from Michigan State University and a BA in Solid Waste Management from the University of Massachusetts.  相似文献   
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