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21.
Volatilization of NH3 from soil is a major N-loss mechanism that reduces the efficiency of applied N fertilizers, and causes environmental pollution. Strategies are needed to reduce the loss. The influences of dicyandiamide (DCD), farmyard manure (FYM) and irrigation on NH3 volatilization from an alluvial soil in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system was studied using the acid trap method. The loss of NH3 in the rice-wheat system ranged from 38.6 kg N ha-1 from the unfertilized soil to 69.0 kg N ha-1 in the treatment with urea+DCD. Substitution of 50% N provided through urea by FYM reduced NH3-N volatilization by 10% in rice and wheat as compared to the urea treatment. Application of DCD increased NH3 volatilization in wheat by 7% but in rice it had no effect. The irrigation level had no effect on NH3 volatilization in rice but fewer irrigations with fewer splits of N in wheat resulted in higher NH3 volatilization. Application of DCD and FYM with urea had similar effects on grain yield and N uptake by rice and wheat as that of the urea treatment. The study showed that integrated use of organic manure and chemical fertilizer has the potential to reduce the loss of N due to volatilization and thereby minimize environmental pollution. Nitrification inhibitors, which are reported to be useful in increasing the N-use efficiency by reducing the leaching and denitrification losses of N, however, may increase N loss due to volatilization. 相似文献
22.
The study was conducted on 18 lactating Murrah buffaloes in 83.72 ± 14.75 days after calving. Group I buffaloes were not injected
with oxytocin and served as control. Buffaloes of Group II were injected with oxytocin @ 2.5 IU per 0.5 ml intramuscularly
at the hip region for a period of 1 month while Group III buffaloes received injection of oxytocin @ 5.0 IU per ml intramuscularly
at the hip region for a period of 1 month. Milk samples from three groups of buffaloes were collected after oxytocin injections
at 15 days interval on 0, 15, 30 and 45 days. Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes at 0, 15, 30 and 45 days of
experiment from all three groups of buffaloes. There was no significant change in cisternal, alveolar and total milk yield
by exogenous oxytocin administration. Fat % in cisternal, alveolar and total milk decreased significantly (P < 0.01) by 11.8%
and 21.3% in groups II and III buffaloes, respectively. Protein % increased significantly (P < 0.01) in group III. A significant
increase was observed in somatic cell counts of milk by 5.36% and 6.22% in groups II and III, respectively as compared to
control group.
Part of MV. Sc. Thesis of the first author submitted to National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University) 相似文献
23.
Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) is known as one of the most aggressive invasive weeds, causing severe economic, environmental, human and animal health problems in India and around the world. During a series of extensive surveys for natural enemies of P. hysterophorus, a leaf spot pathogen was isolated from the affected parts of the parthenium following the standard isolation techniques using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and parthenium dextrose agar (PeDA) media. Koch's postulates were performed and found satisfactory for the isolate and proved to be pathogenic to this weed. On the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria sp. PMK2. The growth of the pathogen was studied on eight selected media and it exhibited varying degrees of growth on different media. Phytotoxicity of fungal cultural filtrates was also confirmed on parthenium leaves in laboratory conditions. Due to the virulent nature of the isolated pathogen, it may be selected for further studies to develop mycoherbicide for control of this devastating weed. 相似文献
24.
Carbon sequestration in tropical soils has potential for mitigating global warming and increasing agricultural productivity. We analyzed 26 long-term experiments (LTEs) in different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of India to assess the potential and cost of C sequestration. Data on initial and final soil organic C (SOC) concentration in the recommended N, P and K (NPK); recommended N, P and K plus farmyard manure (NPK + FYM) and unfertilized (control) treatments were used to calculate carbon sequestration potential (CSP) i.e., capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by increasing SOC stock, under different nutrient management scenarios. In most of the LTEs wheat equivalent yields were higher in the NPK + FYM treatment than the NPK treatment. However, partial factor productivity (PFP) was more with the NPK treatment. Average SOC concentration of the control treatment was 0.54%, which increased to 0.65% in the NPK treatment and 0.82% in the NPK + FYM treatment. Compared to the control treatment the NPK + FYM treatment sequestered 0.33 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 whereas the NPK treatment sequestered 0.16 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The CSP in different nutrient management scenarios ranged from 2.1 to 4.8 Mg C ha−1 during the study period (average 16.9 yr) of the LTEs. In 17 out of 26 LTEs, the NPK + FYM treatment had higher SOC and also higher net return than that of the NPK treatment. In the remaining 9 LTEs SOC sequestration in the NPK + FYM treatment was accomplished with decreased net return suggesting that these are economically not attractive and farmers have to incur into additional cost to achieve C sequestration. The feasibility of SOC sequestration in terms of availability of FYM and other organic sources has been discussed in the paper. 相似文献
25.
Rashmi Aggarwal Aradhika Tripathi Anita Yadav 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(3):333-342
Tilletia indica Mitra is the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat, an important disease prevalent in several countries. The disease is internationally
quarantined and the pathogen due to its heterothallic nature shows high variability. In the present study, we compared the
pathogenic behaviour of various isolates of T. indica collected from different geographical locations of India and genetically characterized monosporidial (Ms) culture lines raised
from these isolates of the pathogen. Pathogenic variability revealed existence of three pathotypes based on aggressiveness
on a set of differential host genotypes. Monosporidial culture lines viz., 5 each from KB1, KB2, KB4 and KB5 and three lines
of KB3 were established and analyzed genetically using 12 Universal Rice Primers (URPs). Amplification showed 98.44% polymorphism
and primer URP 13R produced 100% polymorphic bands. Maximum similarity (83%) was between KB1MsB and KB1MsD as calculated by
Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, whereas, minimum similarity was between KB1MsC and KB4MsB; KB1MsE and KB3MsA (46%). Three
groups were formed among all Ms culture lines. One major group consisted of 13 lines with approximately 70% similarity, the
second group consisted of 7 culture lines showing 55% similarity and the third group consisted of 3 Ms lines. URPs were able
to differentiate the Ms culture lines raised from different T. indica isolates and the results indicated heterogeneity in the pathogen population. 相似文献
26.
27.
Six fungicides were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions for control of Phytophthora leaf blight of taro,Coloeasia esculenta, incited byPhytophthora colocasiae. Inin vitro tests Deraosan 65W was the most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen followed by Difolatan 80W, Fytolan (copper oxychloride), Apron 35F, Topsin-M 50W and Dithane Z-78 75W. Excellent control was obtained with Demosan 65W and Difolatan 80W, good control with Apron 35F, fair control with Fytolan, and poor control with Topsin-M 50W and Dithane Z-78 75W. Results ofin vivo tests were correlated with those of thein vitro tests. Roguing of infected leaves did not eradicate the pathogen but can only delay epiphytotics. 相似文献
28.
C. K. Aggarwal S. C. Mohapatra S. P. Sinha P. N. Sharma S. D. Ahuja 《British poultry science》1979,20(2):185-190
1. A 4 × 4 complete diallel cross involving four broiler strains (two of Cornish stock and two of Rock stock) was made. Twelve males from each strain were concurrently mated to three pullets from each strain in single sire pens.
2. Body weight was measured from 1‐d‐old to 10 weeks of age every two weeks in the 2880 progeny obtained in five hatches.
3. General combining ability was highly significant for all traits except body weight at 1 d old. The specific combining ability was significant for 4‐, 8‐ and 10‐week body weights.
4. Maternal effects were evident for body weights at earlier ages but gradually declined with advancing age and were non‐significant for 8‐ and 10‐week weights.
5. Sex‐linked effects, although smaller in magnitude, were evident for body weights up to 6 weeks of age. 相似文献
29.
Investigation of the effect of Equivac® HeV Hendra virus vaccination on Thoroughbred racing performance
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K Schemann EJ Annand PA Reid MF Lenz PC Thomson NK Dhand 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(4):132-141
Objective
To evaluate the effect of Equivac® HeV Hendra virus vaccine on Thoroughbred racing performance.Design
Retrospective pre‐post intervention study.Methods
Thoroughbreds with at least one start at one of six major south‐eastern Queensland race tracks between 1 July 2012 and 31 December 2016 and with starts in the 3‐month periods before and after Hendra virus vaccinations were identified. Piecewise linear mixed models compared the trends in ‘Timeform rating’ and ‘margin to winner’ before and after initial Hendra virus vaccination. Generalised linear mixed models similarly compared the odds of ‘winning’, ‘placing’ (1st–3rd) and ‘winning any prize money’. Timeform rating trends were also compared before and after the second and subsequent vaccinations.Results
Analysis of data from 4208 race starts by 755 horses revealed no significant difference in performance in the 3 months before versus 3 months after initial Hendra vaccination for Timeform rating (P = 0.32), ‘Margin to winner’ (P = 0.45), prize money won (P = 0.25), wins (P = 0.64) or placings (P = 0.77). Further analysis for Timeform rating for 7844 race starts by 928 horses failed to identify any significant change in Timeform rating trends before versus after the second and subsequent vaccinations (P = 0.16) or any evidence of a cumulative effect for the number of vaccines received (P = 0.22).Conclusion
No evidence of an effect of Hendra virus vaccination on racing performance was found. The findings allow owners, trainers, industry regulators and animal health authorities to make informed decisions about vaccination. 相似文献30.