Leg health and performance of broiler chickens reared in different light environments

1. The effects of light source and intensity on leg health and performance of female ROSS 308 broiler chickens were investigated in a 2 x 2 experimental design (8 groups of 275 chicks) of two light sources (Osram biolux and Osram warm-white) and two light intensities (5 and 100 clux, adjusted to fowl-perceived illuminance). 2. At 41 d of age, body weight, gait-score, footpad dermatitis and hock-burn were measured on 50 birds from each light environment. In addition, weekly feed intake and body weight were determined on a group basis and mortality was recorded continuously. 3. The light environment did not affect the severity of the gait-score or hock-burns. The risk of moderate to severe lameness and hock-burns increased with body weight. Birds weighing more than 2400 g had an increased probability of moderate footpad lesions in biolux light. 4. Weight and gait-score, as well as gait-score and hock-burn were positively correlated. Podo-dermatitis was weakly correlated with hock-burn, which contradicts earlier findings. The light environment did not affect feed intake, body weight or mortality. 5. The light sources and intensities employed in this study did not adversely affect production or leg health of broiler chickens reared semi-commercially.     

草原的生态系统服务:Ⅲ.价值和意义

连续综述了中国草原／草地生态系统服务价值的构成,草地生态系统服务的总价值,各类型草地的生态系统服务的价值。论证了草原／草地为中国提供了最大的生态系统服务价值,草地生态系统服务的生态价值远大于经济价值。论述了草地生态系统服务价值评估具有下列重要意义：1．指明了草地生态系统服务的具体项目及其不可代替性;2．确定了草地生态资本的价值;3．促进了环境成本核算和实现绿色GDP。文章在最后还讨论了草原／草地生态系统服务价值评估中存在的问题。     

中国草业教育发展史:1.本科教育

中国现代意义上的草业教育是从高等教育开始,由20世纪30年代在大学陆续开设的牧草学、草原学、饲料生产学等单门课程逐步发展、扩大为完整、系统的草业科学专业。70多年来,通过单门课程教学,本、专科专业教学体系初步形成,恢复及完善,本科专业教学体系快速发展和提高4个发展阶段,草业教育由畜牧专业的单门课程发展为独立的二级专业,继由二级专业提升为草业科学一级学科。草业本科教育在内涵提高的同时,其外延也取得了巨大的发展与成就,专业的数量和培养的草业人才大幅度增加,2010年全国共有草业科学本科专业30个,截至2008年底,有专业教师486人,已毕业本专科生14 225名,有在读本科生5 107名,中国成为世界上草业科学专业和学生的数量最多、培养层次最完整、教学指导思想最先进的国家之一,而且,甘肃农业大学的草业科学本科专业是世界上规模最大的本学科本科专业。     

做大做强南丰蜜桔产业必须以提高品质为先导

果业是江西农业中仅次于水稻、蔬菜的第三大种植业,果品是农民增收致富奔小康的拳头产品.省委、省政府历来非常重视江西果业发展,先后推出“果业工程“、“山上再造工程“、“南桔北梨“工程,2004年,江西省又提出了“农民致富希望在山“、“在山上建绿色银行“的果业发展方向,发出了“加快江西果林业发展的步伐“的号召.……     

饲料中添加苯甲地那铵对肉仔鸡骨骼肌发育的影响

试验旨在研究苦味剂——苯甲地那铵（denatonium benzene, DB）对肉仔鸡骨骼肌发育的调控作用,为酚酮类苦味植物提取物在家禽饲料中的应用提供参考依据。试验选用240只1日龄雄性黄羽肉仔鸡,随机分为4个处理：对照组（玉米-豆粕型基础日粮）,LDB、MDB组和HDB组分别在基础日粮中添加5、20 mg/kg和100 mg/kg DB,饲喂周期为8周。结果表明：日粮中添加DB显著降低肉仔鸡的体重和胸肌重（P<0.05）。各DB组总蛋白含量较对照组均显著降低（P<0.05）;MDB组和HDB组血清谷丙转氨酶和尿酸水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。此外,DB组胸肌肌纤维直径较对照组显著降低（P<0.05）。同时,HDB组显著上调胸肌中苦味受体信号通路相关基因（ggTas2r7、PLCβ2、IP3R3）和蛋白分解相关基因（Atrogin-1和MuRF-1）的m RNA表达水平。总之,日粮中添加DB激活肉仔鸡骨骼肌苦味受体信号通路,促进蛋白质水解进程,抑制骨骼肌发育。     

关于动物防疫工作中存在问题的分析与建议

1 各乡镇场抓动物防疫工作的积极性不高 按照国务院及农业部部署,动物防疫工作是政府行为,各地应落实“各级政府组织发动保密度,业务部门组织实施保质量”的动物防疫双轨责任制。但相当一部分乡镇场这方面做的明显不足，总认为动物防疫工作是畜牧部门的事情，与自己关系不大，所以对此重视不够，工作积极性不高。建议各地县委、政府将动物防疫工作目标完成情况纳入各乡镇场的年度考核目标范畴，并有畜牧部门按其实际工作给予量化打分，对完不成防疫任务和工作不到位的乡镇场要严肃批评。     

Diet modulates proteinuria in heterozygous female dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy

Young adult heterozygous (carrier) female dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN) have glomerular proteinuria but are otherwise healthy. Because data regarding dietary influences on the magnitude of proteinuria in dogs with spontaneous glomerular disease are not available, 12 such dogs were studied in a double crossover experiment intended to determine effects of altering dietary protein intake for up to 6 weeks. Dogs were blocked by urine protein : creatinine ratio (UPC) and randomly assigned to receive 2 diets: high protein (34.6% dry matter [DM], HP) or low protein (14.1% DM, LP) fed in HP-LP-HP or LP-HP-LP sequence. Food intake was measured daily, body weight (BW) was measured twice weekly, and UPC, plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, phosphorus, albumin, and protein concentrations were measured at 2-week intervals. Nutrient digestibility was measured during the third treatment period. Diet had a significant effect (P < .0001) on all measured variables except plasma phosphorus (P > .5), but unintended differences in digestibility of protein and energy (P < or = .01) prevented assignment of the diet effect exclusively to protein. Proteinuria was greater (UPC 4.7 +/- 2.2 versus 1.8 +/- 1.1, P < .0001) when the HP diet was fed, but the LP diet did not maintain starting BW or plasma albumin concentration within the normal reference range. Diet greatly affects the magnitude of proteinuria in XLHN carrier females. Dietary protein restriction can reduce proteinuria in dogs with glomerular disease, but BW and blood protein concentrations may not be maintained if the restriction is too severe.     

草原生态养鸡试验报告

通过草原养鸡试验,将原生态与现代养鸡理论相结合,在草原牧场自由放养,发现草原养鸡节约饲料、发病率低,且肉质鲜美,与内地山地养鸡有着同样好的效果,具有良好的社会经济生态效益,有较好的推广意义。     

斑点金标免疫渗滤新技术检测家畜血吸虫病的效果试验

采用血吸虫病斑点金标免疫渗滤诊断技术在永胜县做了动物血吸虫病感染符合率、特异性试验,共检测2 800份牛血纸,结果检出阳性78头;检测755份牛血清,检出阳性72头;再对被检查的2 800头牛采用粪便毛蚴孵化法检出阳性74头。免疫学诊断结果与病原检查结果阳性符合率血纸达94.8%,血清达97.3%。同时在县内非疫区乡(镇)做了阴性符合率试验,符合率达100%。血吸虫病斑点金标免疫渗滤诊断技术在永胜县6个血防区试验运用,取得了成功。     

饲用微生物的种类与作用评价

<正>目前,食品安全和养殖污染是影响饲料畜牧业稳定持续发展的两大问题,这两大问题又与动物疾病、动物生产潜能的发挥息息相关。饲用微生物作为综合解决以上问题的方案之一,已经得到业内较大范围的认可,本文对普遍使用的芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌的作用作简略评价。