Comparison of sesame cake and cottonseed as supplementary sources of protein to weaned N'Dama bull calves in The Gambia

Summary The potential for increased productivity of N'Dama cattle in response to small supplementary inputs of proteinaceous by-products has been shown to be substantial under village husbandry conditions in The Gambia. Young N'Dama bulls were used to compare sesame cake with cottonseed as sources of supplementary protein during the wet and early dry seasons of 1987. They were fed 0, 40, 80 or 160 g crude protein/day in these forms for four months. Supplementation significantly increased growth rate from 169 g/d in controls to means of 272 and 271 g/d for those given sesame cake and cottonseed respectively; there were no significant differences among the supplemented groups. During the four months of the dry season immediately after supplementation ceased all previously supplemented groups grew significantly more rapidly than the controls (at leastP<0·05), indicating a substantial carry over effect of the supplements. Over this period the mean gain of the groups previously given sesame cake exceeded that of those that had received cottonseed (217 cf. 158 g/d;P<0·01). The economic benefits of these responses were substantial.

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Comparacion de torta de sesamo y de semilla de algodon como fuente suplementaria de proteina para terneros destetos N'Dama en Gambia

Resumen Se ha demonstrado el potencial para incrementar la productividad del ganado N'Dama, como resquesta a peque?as cantidades de insumos suplementarios de proteína, bajo condiciones de villorrio en Gambia. Se utilizaron terneros destetos N'Dama par comparar la torta de sésamo y de semilla de algodón como fuente de proteína suplementaria durate la estaicón lluviosa y principio de la seca del a?o 1987. Se les dió a los animales 0, 40, 80 o 160 g de proteína cruda/día en éstas formas durante cuatro meses. La suplementación incrementó significativamente la tasa de crecimiento, de 169 g/día en controles a 272 y 271 g/día en aquellos que recibieron torta de sésamo y de algodón respectivamente; no hubo diferenca estadística entre los grupos suplementados. Durate los cuatro meses de la estación seca inmediatamente después de que la suplementación fue suspendida, todos los grupos que habían sido suplementados crecieron sgnificativamente más rápido que los controls (P<0·05), indicando un efecto compensatorio en los suplementados. Durante ese período la media de crecimento de los grupos que recibieron torta de sésamo excedió a aquella de los que habían recibido torta de algodón (217 cf. 158 g/d;P<0·01). Los beneficios económicos de estos resultados fueron substanciales.

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Comparaison entre le tourteau de sesame et la graine de coton comme sources complementaires de proteines pour les taurillons N'Dama sevres en Gambie

Résumé Le potentiel de réponse à de petites quantités supplémentaires de sous-produits proteiniques pour accroitre la productivité de bétail N'Dama, s'est révélé manifeste, dans les conditions d'élevage villageois en Gambie. De jeunes taureaux N'Dama ont été utilisés pour comparer le tourteau de sésame et la graine de coton en tant que source de complémentation protéinique pendant la saison sèche et le début de la saison humide au cours de l'année 1987. Ils ont re?u respectivement 0, 40, 80 ou 160 g de proteines brutes par jour sus ces deux formes pendat quatre mois. Cette supplémentation a accru de fa?on significative le taux de croissance, de 169 g/jour pour les témoins jusqu'à des moyennes de 272 et 271g/jour respectivement pour ceux qui ont re?u du tourteau de sésame et de la graine de coton. Quant aux groupes complémentés, il n'ont révélé aucune différence significative. Pendat les quatre mois de la saison sèche et immédiatement après l'arrêt de la supplémentation, tous les lots ayant fait précédemment l'objet d'une distribution complémentaire ont eu une croissance significativement plus rapide que les animaux témoins, du moins pourP<0,05, ce qui indique un effet important de report des suppléments. Durant cette période, le gain moyen des lots qui ont re?u le tourteau de sésame a dépassé celui des lots auxquels on a donné de la graine de coton, soit 217 g/jour contre 158 g/jour pourP<0,01. Les profits économiques de ces réponses ont été appréciables.

     

Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from persistently infected sows to contact controls.

The objective of this study was to determine if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) could persist in non-pregnant sows and if persistently infected sows could transmit virus to naive contact controls. Twelve PRRSV-naive, non-pregnant sows (index sows) were infected with a field isolate of PRRSV and housed in individual isolation rooms for 42 to 56 days postinfection. Following this period, 1 naive contact sow was placed in each room divided by a gate allowing nose-to-nose contact with a single index sow. Index sows were not viremic at the time of contact sow entry. Virus nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction, and infectious virus was detected by virus isolation in sera from 3 of the 12 contact sows at 49, 56, and 86 days postinfection. All 3 infected contacts developed PRRSV antibodies. Virus nucleic acid was detected in tissues of all of the 12 index sows at 72 or 86 days postinfection. Nucleic acid sequencing indicated that representative samples from index and infected contacts were homologous (> 99%) to the PRRSV used to infect index sows at the onset of the study. This study demonstrates that PRRSV can persist in sows and that persistently infected sows can transmit virus to naive contact animals.     

Genomic imprinting effects on dairy- and fitness-related traits in cattle

Data from the official milk recording scheme of the Austrian Simmental population were analysed to estimate variance components due to genomic imprinting. Traits regarded were milk yield, fat and protein content, persistency, days open (first, second and third lactation) and herd life. All dairy traits were preadjusted for BLUP herd‐year effects. After applying some data restrictions, the number of records ranged from 3391 (persistency, third lactation) to 33 993 (days open, first lactation). Two different estimation approaches were used: (i) estimation of the maternal and paternal gametic component by a dam and sire model, respectively, and (ii) estimation of the animal and an additional gametic component (maternal or paternal) by treating gametes as homozygous diploid individuals. All models also accounted for year of first calving and the cytoplasmic effect of maternal lineages. In tendency, the results of both approaches were fairly well in line with each other. For the majority of the investigated traits, no substantial imprinting effects were detected. Significant evidence of genomic imprinting on a multiple type I error ≤ 0.10 was only found for protein content and days open. For protein content in the second and third lactation, the proportions of variance due to the paternal gametic effect exceeded those of the maternal by 0.096 and 0.152, respectively. For days open in the second lactation, however, the proportion of variance of the maternal gamete effect exceeded that of the paternal by 0.036. In tendency, indication of paternal imprinting was found for all fitness‐related traits. For true and functional herd life, significant differences (pairwise type I error ≤ 0.05) of 0.040 and 0.032 were found between the proportions of variance due to the maternal and paternal gamete effect. Significant variance components of cytoplasmic effects (multiple type I error ≤ 0.01) were found for first lactation of milk yield (0.020), for first, second and third lataction of persistency (0.026, 0.035 and 0.033) and of days open (0.029, 0.016 and 0.022) and for true and functional herd life (0.019 and 0.029).     

日光温室光周期控制器的设计

本文设计了一种用于日光温室的光周期控制器 ,解决了日光温室自动化光照的问题。该设计采用数字电路 ,光电传感器 ,电光源 ,实现了对白天光照接续的时间和晚间增补光照的时间的自动、准确的控制     

河南省食用菌科技推广存在的问题及对策

综合分析了河南省食有菌科技推广中存在的生产经营缺乏宏观引导，科技推广存在自发性和盲目性，体制不协调和食用菌生产本身的不可控因素较多等问题，提出了加强宏观引导，微观调控，建立健全食用菌行业管理，食用菌龙头企业建设，开发建设规模生产基地等具体措施，为食用菌的产业化大发展提供了参考依据。     

胸神经后皮支及其营养血管的解剖学研究

目的：为临床设计背部皮神经营养血管皮瓣提供解剖学基础。方法：在l7例34侧成人躯干标本上，用显微解剖法观测第l—l2胸神经后皮支及其营养血管的来源．走行及分布规律。结果：第l—l2胸神经后皮支的伴行动脉为肋间后动脉的背侧皮支。皮神经及其伴行动脉于脊柱两旁相应肋间穿出深筋膜，呈节段性、重叠性分布于背部皮肤，皮神经营养血管相互间形成丰富的吻合。结论：可设计以第l—12胸神经后皮支及其营养血管为蒂的皮神经营养血管皮瓣。     

泛酸可改善猪的躯体成分

猪对维生素的需要量主要取决于性能测定时某种能导致最大生长的维生素在日粮中的浓度。然而，某些维生素还可引起一些代谢效应，从而除了可改变生长率之外还可能改变生长的组分。