玉米低温干燥和霉变过程的模拟

利用美国依阿华大学J.L.Steele计算玉米贮存时二氧化碳产生量的公式和修正系数,以干物质分解量作为指标估计玉米的变质,用平衡方程计算玉米干燥过程,建立连续通风条件下,常温或低温玉米干燥与霉变过程的数学模型。并根据北京地区的天气资料,在计算机上进行了模拟,找出风量、初水分、损伤率对玉米霉变的影响,为玉米的安全贮存提供了依据。     

S195柴油机转速不稳的主要原因

Ｓ１９５柴油机转速不稳的主要原因１．调速弹簧损坏。调速弹簧经过长期使用，会出现疲劳变形、折断或弹力不足，造成调速器不起作用，使转速降低或高速不稳。２．柴油机经长期使用后，调速机构会出现磨损缺陷；（１）调速齿轮端面出现径向凹槽；（２）钢球失圆；（３）调...     

离心式玉米破碎敏感性测试仪设计和性能测试

设计了离心式玉米破碎敏感性测试仪，选择了操作参数，并进行了性能试验。结果显示，离心式破碎敏感性测试仪与Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ破碎测试仪性能相似，比Ｓｔｅｉｎ破碎测试仪性能可靠。对不同湿度的玉米具有较高的敏感性，对不同品种和不同处理条件下的玉米适应性强，变异系数小，再现性好，可迅速和准确测定玉米破碎敏感性     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

玉米应力裂纹率和破碎敏感性的关系

在分析玉米应力裂纹指数（Ｓ）计算方法的基础上,得到了修正应力裂纹指数（Ｓ＾＊）方程,方程中的完善籽粒、单裂籽粒、双裂籽粒、龟裂籽粒的平均权重分别为０．７５、１、１．１８、１．３６。比较了应力裂纹指数和修正应力裂纹指数与破碎敏感性（Ｂ）之间的关系。修正后的应力裂纹指数与破碎敏感性拟合得更好,更反映干后谷物破碎强度的变化。     

4个核桃类树种苗木应对持续干旱的生理响应

采用自然干旱法,对引种栽培的美国黑核桃‘北加州黑核桃’和美国山核桃‘波尼’以及乡土核桃树种（漾濞大泡核桃和旺核2号）的2年生苗木进行干旱胁迫处理,测定其生理生化指标,对比分析其抗旱性。结果表明：(1) 4个树种的根系活力、叶片相对含水量、叶片水势和超氧化物歧化酶均随干旱胁迫的增强而呈下降的趋势,叶片相对电导率呈上升的趋势,叶片丙二醛含量呈先增加后下降最后上升的趋势,可溶性糖含量呈先增后减的趋势。（2）叶片可溶性糖含量在第14天时发生显著变化;根系活力在第17天时发生显著变化;叶片相对含水量和丙二醛含量以及超氧化物歧化酶活性在第19天时开始发生显著变化;叶片相对电导率、叶片水势均在第23天时发生显著变化。 (3) 4个树种的抗旱隶属值排序为：‘北加州黑核桃’>‘波尼’>‘旺核2号’>漾濞大泡核桃,说明引进种对干旱的适应性要高于乡土树种。     

蒙古绵羊早期胚胎泌尿及生殖器官的发生

E12～16d(意指胚胎发育到12～16d),在胚中轴形成期显示出原肾遗迹。E17～30d,中肾发育成长梭状,悬于背系膜两侧。E21～～30d,后肾芽由杆状变成椭圆形,在肾盂与集合管的周围被后肾组织包围。中肾管与后肾管先后通向尿囊基部。 E24d,胚长10mm,生殖腺发育成长梭状,突向体腔。胚长14mm,米勒氏管的原基呈皱襞状,发生于中肾前部两侧,并向后移位于中肾管外侧。 E21d,尿殖窦腹面开始分化出尿道沟,伸向生殖结节的顶部。E6～30d,生殖结节由丘状变成圆锥形。     

博落回生物碱对烟草蚜和豆蚜杀虫活性的研究

博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐酸盐对烟草蚜虫、豆蚜虫都有比较强的毒杀作用,处理60 h,博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐对烟草蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为274.5μg/mL和501.19μg/mL。博落回总生物碱(处理48 h)、博落回总生物碱盐(处理30 h)对豆蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为562.3μg/mL和380.2μg/mL。     

血根碱抗水霉菌体外活性研究

采用测OD值和琼脂稀释法,以孔雀石绿、氯化钠作为对照,分别进行了3种药物对水霉菌孢子和菌丝的体外抑菌活性研究,其中血根碱以2%DMSO(二甲亚砜)为溶剂,孔雀石绿和NaCl均以水为溶剂。结果表明:血根碱对水霉孢子的MIC80为200μg/mL,对菌丝的MIC为256μg/mL;孔雀石绿对水霉菌孢子的MIC80为6μg/mL,对菌丝的MIC为12μg/mL;氯化钠对水霉菌孢子的MIC80为15 000μg/mL,对菌丝的MIC为20 000μg/mL,说明血根碱具有开发为抗水霉菌药物应用于渔药领域的前景。     

血根碱酊剂体外抗真菌初步研究

通过分析博落回(Macleaya cordata (wild)R.Br.)提取物—血根碱(制成血根碱酊剂)、总生物碱对须癣毛癣菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes)、玫瑰色毛癣菌(Trichophyton rosaceum)、许兰黄癣菌(Trichophyton schoenleini)、红色毛癣...