种衣剂包衣处理对玉米矮花叶病传毒介体的防治效果

通过室内和田间试验研究了含高效杀虫剂吡虫啉的种衣剂Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号对玉米矮花叶病传毒介体的防治效果。结果表明,两种种衣剂包衣处理均对传毒介体麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)具有较高防效,残效期可达40d 以上;蚜虫高峰期对无翅蚜和蚜虫总量具有明显的控制作用,种衣剂处理较对照蚜虫总量可减少23.12%～68.18%。     

大麦黄条点花叶病毒传播方式和传播特性研究初报

大麦黄条点花叶病毒(Barley yellow striate mosaic virus,BYSMV)是我国小麦产区新发现的一种病毒,为了明确该病毒的发生流行规律并建立相应的防治方法,在温室条件下对该病毒的传播方式、介体传毒特性进行了研究。初步研究结果表明:BYSMV仅由介体昆虫灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Fallén)传播,不能通过机械摩擦、土壤和病残体传播。该病毒在灰飞虱体内的循回期最短为6 d,接种后20 d达到传毒发病盛期。灰飞虱最短获毒和传毒时间均为1 min,病毒在小麦苗中的最短潜育期为5 d。由此可见,灰飞虱对BYSMV具有较强的获毒和传毒能力。本研究为下一步进行该病毒的寄主范围、病害的发生规律等方面的研究提供了技术手段,也为生产上预防和控治由该病毒引起的病害提供了理论依据。     

河北省小麦土传病害的发生现状及防治措施

小麦土传病害是严重影响小麦产量的根部病害。河北省小麦土传病害的种类主要包括小麦全蚀病、小麦纹枯病和小麦根腐病。详细介绍了3种土传病害的发生特点、病原菌特点及防治方法等,旨为控制小麦土传病害的发生提供参考。     

玉米粗缩病发病叶龄与主要为害性状的相关性分析

对玉米粗缩病进行了系统的田间调查,分析了发病叶龄与玉米粗缩病主要为害性状的关系。结果表明：玉米在其生育期内均可感病,发病越早,病情越重,9叶期后发病症状显著减轻。发病叶龄与玉米粗缩病的严重度（r=-0．938,P〈0．01）、株高（r=0．884,P〈0．01）、穗粒重（r=-0．823,P〈0．01）密切相关。     

玉米粗缩病抗性遗传研究

 本文选用3个抗病自交系(齐319、X178、沈137)和3个感病自交系(掖107、掖478、沈5003)按照NCII交配设计配制9套杂交组合研究了玉米抗粗缩病遗传规律。2009-2010年在曲阳、保定采用田间自然发病方法鉴定亲本、F₁、F₂群体的玉米粗缩病抗性,并采用灰飞虱人工接种方法鉴定亲本材料的抗病性。运用QGA station 软件的加性-显性-上位性(ADAA)遗传模型进行数据分析,结果表明,显性效应和加性效应是控制玉米粗缩病抗性的主要遗传组分,分别占表型变异的44.8%和13.1%,杂合显性效应表现负向杂种优势,抗病育种可加以利用。加性×加性上位性效应在玉米自交系和杂交组合抗粗缩病遗传中普遍存在,但因材料不同而表现负向或正向效应。玉米粗缩病抗性易受环境影响,显性与环境互作效应方差占表型方差的比率为39.8%,达到极显著水平。因此,培育抗粗缩病玉米品种应依据基因型选配适当的亲本材料,抗病品种宜进行多年多点鉴定筛选。     

玉米抗粗缩病遗传及分子标记研究

Maize rough dwarf disease caused by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by planthopper in China. Identification and development of resistant hybrids are complicated because of the inconsistencies in viral disease pressure every year. Marker-assisted selection can provide means for main-taining virus resistance alleles even in the absence of disease. In this paper a F₂ segregation population was constructed to identity the molecular markers linked to the resistance gene using a cross between a resistant and a susceptible parents (Qi319×Ye107). Fifteen-day-old seedlings of F₂ population were exposed to small brown planthoppers carrying RBSDV for 3 days in specific inoculation chamber. The inoculated plants were transplanted to screenhouse after removing the insects completely. In plant maturity stage the disease resistance of all the individuals were visually assessed. The results showed that 17, 8, 11, 51 and 122 plants were scaled from 0-4 respectively, in which 0 means no symptoms and 4 represents highly susceptible. Chi-square test demonstrated that the segregation ratio of phenotype was 1∶15 (resistant: susceptible) or 1∶6∶9 (resistant∶moderate∶susceptible) in the F₂ population, indicating RBSDV resistance of maize was controlled by two recessive genes. The F₂ individuals DNA were extracted and 261 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers derived from maize genome ten chromosomes were selected from maize GDB database to construct genetic linkage map. The linkage map consisted of 71 polymorphic SSR markers, spanning a genetic distance of 996.6 cM with an average interval of 14.0 cM between adjacent markers. The resistant and susceptible gene pools were set up for BSA (bulked segregant analysis) and 6 polymorphism markers were obtained with BSA-SSR method between the two pools. The F₂individuals were further analyzed with 6 polymorphism markers. Chi-square test showed that phi 051, umc1407 and umc1432, mapped on chromosome 7 and 10, exhibited segregation distortion significantly and very significantly in susceptible individuals. These three SSR markers were identified as potential markers linked to the resistant loci.     

玉米种子携带玉米矮花叶病毒

玉米种子携带玉米矮花叶病毒玉米矮花叶病（ＭＤＭＶ）最早于１９６８年在河南新乡、安阳、河北邯郸大发生，而后蔓延至山西、陕西、甘肃、山东等省。８０年代初，河北省的中南部平原地区病害发生严重，成为重病区，而张家口、承德等地为偶发区，病株率在５％以下。１９９...     

中国玉米杂交优势群主要种质抗玉米粗缩病性鉴定

为明确中国玉米杂交优势群的抗玉米粗缩病性,加快玉米抗粗缩病育种进程,对中国玉米种质改良Reid、Lancaster、四平头、旅大红骨四大杂交优势群及其他杂优群的代表性骨干自交系抗粗缩病性进行了研究。结果表明:改良Reid群的抗性表现接近高感,平均病指为39.77;旅大红骨杂优群抗性表现感病,平均病指为29.82;Lancaster、四平头杂优群的抗粗缩病性较差,平均病指分别为22.62、23.11。其他杂优群中美P群选系抗性表现突出,六个参加鉴定系平均病指为6.89。今后玉米抗粗缩病育种应重视美P群材料的利用,利用模式应为四平头杂优群×美P群材料选系和Lancaster杂优群×美P群材料选系。     

河北省番茄病毒病种类鉴定及分布

[目的]鉴定河北省番茄上主要病毒病种类,明确病原和分布。[方法]采用分子生物学技术及免疫试纸条技术,对2016—2018年采自河北省8个县市18个番茄主产区的番茄样品进行病毒病种类鉴定。[结果]采集的番茄样品中共检出3种病毒,分别为番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl virus)、番茄褪绿病毒(tomato chlorosis virus)、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus)。其中TYLCV是目前河北省危害最严重、分布最广泛的一种病毒,各调查地区均能检出,检出率为63.29%,其次为ToCV,检出率为17.19%,田间主要表现与番茄黄化曲叶病毒混合侵染;ToMV检出率仅为0.09%,为零星发生。[结论]河北省番茄病毒病的主要种类为粉虱传播的番茄黄化曲叶病毒和番茄褪绿病毒。     

河北省中南部夏玉米顶尖腐烂病的发生和防治

编者按:前不久,河北省三大学会组织专家组对河北省中南部的玉米病虫害进行了考察,发现了玉米顶尖腐烂病这一2005年以来的新问题.该病害引起了河北省植保科研单位和推广系统的高度关注,农民朋友对防治方法有迫切的需求.为此,<河北农业科技>特约河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所植保专家苗洪芹等同志撰写了此文,就该病症状表现、发病特点、病因分析及应急防治措施做综合介绍.