Herbicidal and Fungicidal Activities of Lactones in Kava (Piper methysticum)

This is the first report showing that kava lactones are plant and plant fungus growth inhibitors. Aqueous extract of kava roots showed high allelopathic potential and strongly suppressed germination and growth of lettuce, radish, barnyardgrass, and monochoria. Nine kava lactones were detected using GC-MS including desmethoxyyagonin, kavain, 7,8-dihydrokavain, hydroxykavain, yagonin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyyagonin, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, and 11-hydroxy-12-methoxydihydrokavain. Quantities of desmethoxyyagonin, kavain, 7,8-dihydrokavain, yagonin, methysticin, and dihydromethysticin detected were 4.3, 6.9, 18.6, 5.7, 1.4, and 5.4 mg/g of dry weight, respectively. These six major lactones in kava roots showed great herbicidal and antifungal activities. Growth of lettuce and barnyardgrass were significantly inhibited at 1-10 ppm, and four plant fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporides, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Trichoderma viride were significantly inhibited at 10-50 ppm. The biological activities of kava lactones were characterized by different double-bond linkage patterns in positions 5,6 and 7,8. The findings of this study suggest that kava lactones may be useful for the development of bioactive herbicides and fungicides.     

Optimal decision of multi process routes in make to order discrete manufacturing enterprises

To ensure more efficient planning and scheduling in discrete manufacturing enterprises, a planning and scheduling framework is studied in light of actual capacity states. An evaluation index system having synthetic consideration of capacity states, cost and time is built. A multi process route decision in a dynamic capacity condition is studied in detail. Taking gear shaft manufacturing as an application example, elimination et choix traduisant is realité (ELECTRE Ⅲ) is adopted to select the optimal process route. The same sorting results are attained using a descending and ascending distillation method.     

The Relationship among Rock Crushing Energy, the Protodyakonov Coefficient and Rock Strength

将巨峰、玫瑰香以及红地球葡萄,分别包装在聚乙烯微孔保鲜袋内,置于（20±1）℃温度条件下,用臭氧消毒机每天分别向袋内通气0．5min（臭氧浓度150mg／m^3）和1min（臭氧浓度300mg／m^3）,进行模拟货架期臭氧处理对品质影响的试验。试验结果表明,2种浓度的臭氧处理显著地减轻了巨峰葡萄果梗霉变、果实腐烂率及失重率;显著地降低了红地球葡萄腐烂率及果实失重率,而对可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的影响较小;对降低玫瑰香葡萄腐烂率有一定作用,而对其它指标的影响不明显。     

我国蛋种鸡企业未来发展方向

蛋鸡业作为我国畜牧业重要组成部分,经历了多年的风风雨雨,到如今终于实现了由国有占主导地位过渡到以私营为主体的饲养模式,造就了一大批民营养殖企业。作为蛋鸡业的先导,种鸡业一直被认为是科技含量高的行业,在以前被认为是国营企业或中心城市优先发展的行业,现在也发生了变化。国有种鸡企业逐渐倒闭或被股份制改造,民营企业占据了大部分种鸡市场。蛋种鸡企业经过激烈的市场竞争,正从无序走向有序。最近几年的连续市场低迷,进一步促进了种鸡市场的洗牌,一些资金、技术、规模、产品无优势的企业先后倒闭,而一些企业在逆境中却做大做强。120…     

渔业科研项目立项制约因素与对策分析——以中国水产科学研究院为例

文章对"十二五"中国水产科学研究院科研立项情况进行了统计,从立项的总体情况、项目类别、项目层次、院所分布等方面进行了总结和分析,指出了中国水产科学研究院在科研项目竞争方面的优势和不足,并对中国水产科学研究院科技竞争能力制约因素进行了分析,提出了在"十三五"要加强顶层设计、拓宽经费渠道、加强成果培育等对策,以全面提高中国水产科学研究院的综合竞争力。     

Expression patterns of the implantation-associated genes in the uterus during the estrous cycle in mice

The mRNA expression patterns of EGF, HB-EGF, Amphiregulin, EGF receptor, IGF-1, CSF-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor type 1, IL-1 receptor antagonist, LIF, COX-1, COX-2, Mucin-1, calcitonin, and rat USAG-1 mouse homologue, all of which are involved in the process of conceptus implantation to the endometrium, were examined during the estrous cycle by means of real-time quantitative PCR. COX-2, HB-EGF, LIF, Mucin-1, CSF-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist were temporally regulated during the estrous cycle and highly expressed during the estrous stage. In the case of COX-1, EGF, IGF-1, and EGF receptor, the highest mRNA expression was during the diestrous stage. In contrast, the rat USAG-1 mouse homologue mRNA expression did not change during the estrous cycle. These results indicate that rat USAG-1 mouse homologue expression at implantation might be specifically regulated by embryonic factors rather than the maternal environment.     

陕西省生态足迹和生态承载力动态研究

 利用生态足迹分析方法对陕西省1978～2002年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了研究，获得了该地区生态足迹、生态承载力随时间变化的预测模型，并预测了未来陕西省的可持续发展趋势。结果表明，陕西省人均生态足迹由1978年的0.5508 ha逐年增加至2002年的1.1059 ha，而人均生态承载力则由0.9517 ha逐年减少到0.8102 ha。可见生态足迹与生态承载力呈反方向发展趋势。陕西省1978年的生态盈余为0.4009 ha，1992年出现生态赤字，2002年人均生态赤字增至0.2958 ha。预测陕西省2010年和2015年人均生态足迹分别为1.2013 ha 和1.2528 ha，人均生态承载力分别是0.7638 ha和0.7198 ha，其人均生态赤字分别达到0.4378 ha和0.533 ha。说明陕西省人口对自然资源的利用逐年增加，目前已超出了自然生态系统的生态承载力范围，生态足迹与生态承载力之间的矛盾加剧，现有的发展模式是不可持续的，生态环境处于不安全状态。     

洪灾后猪病毒性腹泻防治方法

洪涝灾害后,由于生态环境和生产环境的剧烈变化,加之各种病原菌大量繁殖和传播,极易引起猪病毒性腹泻疾病的大量发生.为了把经济损失降到最低,养殖户应及时改善猪的生活环境,并进行综合性防治措施,尽快恢复生产工作.     

Expression of C-terminal truncated and full-length Babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 and their potential use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serological diagnosis of Babesia bigemina infection by using a full-length B. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rRAP-1) and the truncated C-terminal RAP-1 (rRAP-1/CT). While the rRAP-1 showed cross reactivity between B. bigemina- and Babesia bovis-infected bovine sera, the rRAP-1/CT was highly specific to B. bigemina-infected bovine sera and proved useful in the detection of sequential sera collected from an experimentally infected cow during the acute and latent infection. The high yield of soluble rRAP-1/CT and its diagnostic specificity demonstrate its potential in the diagnosis of B. bigemina infection. Its usefulness for epidemiological investigation is currently being evaluated.