我国水产种业的发展现状与展望

我国水产种业经过多年建设取得了长足进步和系统发展,已成为保障国家食物安全、生态安全及渔业安全的根基。随着水产业全球化、市场化发展和贸易一体化格局逐步形成,我国种业正面临前所未有的机遇与挑战。因此,强化科技创新、创制重大产品、发展现代种业已成为驱动我国水产业持续、稳定、健康发展的关键。本文简要评述我国水产种业在种质资源利用、育种技术开发、养殖品种培育和良种体系建设等方面的研究现状,分析制约水产种业发展面临的主要瓶颈。针对亟需解决的关键科学问题和产业需求,提出了促进我国种业发展重点任务和措施建议,为切实提高我国水产种业科技自主创新能力和国际竞争力提供参考。     

Preparation and characterization of carbon cones by reaction plasma

Carbon cones are prepared on Si substrates film in plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition system using CH4, H2 and NH3 as the reaction gas, and the substrates are deposited with Ti and carbon film, respectively. Morphology and structure of the carbon cones are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX)and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The SEM results indicate that the carbon cones are formed on the Si substrate deposited with carbon film. Furthermore, the EDX and Raman spectra indicate that the formed carbon cones are carbon nitride structure, which are composed of sp 3 C-N, sp 2 C and sp 2 C=N bonds. According to the mechanisms of sputtering and diffusion, the formation of carbon cones is analyzed. Simultaneously, the photoluminescence background in the Raman spectrum of carbon cones is analyzed, and results indicate that the carbon cone evolves from nonpolar carbon material to polarity carbon material due to the doping of nitrogen.     

新形势下加强农村财务管理的路径探索

本文就农村财务管理工作中存在的问题进行分析,并探讨了农村财务管理的意义及加强农村财务管理的路径。对提升农村财务管理水平,规范财务工作机制,有一定的实践意义。     

我国蛋种鸡企业未来发展方向

中国饮食文化与鸡渊源相连,自古就有"无鸡不成宴"的说法。肩负缓解当时国内物资紧缺、解决老百姓吃蛋难的中国蛋鸡行业,起步于上世纪70年代末,历经80至90年代的迅速发展,从1985年开始,跃居世界禽蛋产量第一位,成为中国生产效率、集约化程度最高的畜牧产业。蛋鸡业是中国家禽业的最主要支柱之一,19年来发展总量雄居各国首位。然而,就可持续发展来说,还有许多重大的问题需要改进,蛋鸡育种就是重要内容之一《。中国畜禽种业》编辑部长期关注蛋鸡育种与生产,现整合行业内观点呈献读者,意在倡导行业广泛讨论。     

我国人参黑斑病的研究取得成果

人参黑斑病是国内外人参产区的重要病害,不但严重影响产量,而且降低了人参的品质,是生产上亟待解决的问题。我们经几年的系统研究,取得以下新结果:     

Host cholesterol synthesis contributes to growth of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages

The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii lacks the ability to synthesize sterol and scavenges cholesterol from the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway of its host to facilitate replication. Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, however, have a demonstrated anti-Toxoplasma effect. In this study, we examined the host mevalonate pathway as a novel source of cholesterol for T. gondii and its effects on parasite growth in macrophages. Parasite growth did not significantly change in the absence of LDLR or when LDL was exogenously supplemented. Lovastatin and compactin, both inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in the mevalonate pathway, significantly inhibited T. gondii growth in both wild-type and LDLR-knockout macrophages. Parasite growth was also suppressed by squalestatin, an inhibitor of squalene synthase, despite mevalonate producing isoprenoid intermediates in host cells. The present study demonstrates that lovastatin, compactin and squalestatin have anti-Toxoplasma activities and that the host cholesterol synthesis may contribute to parasite growth in macrophages.     

Molecular and serological prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in water buffaloes in the northeast region of Thailand

Bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted hemoprotozoan disease that is mainly caused by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina and is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease is widespread in the northeastern region of Thailand, where an increasingly large part of the livestock is composed of water buffaloes. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological distribution of B. bovis and B. bigemina in water buffaloes in the northeastern region of Thailand. A total of 305 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and simultaneously analyzed by the nested PCR (nPCR) assay, ELISA, and IFAT techniques. The overall prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina was 11.2% and 3.6% by nPCR, 14.7% and 5.9% by ELISA, and 16.8% and 5.6% by IFAT, respectively. The high concordance between the molecular and the serological detection tests revealed the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic assays used for the detection of infection as well as the endemic stability status of the parasites in the surveyed areas. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of the two infections were observed on the basis of age and location but not gender. Our data provide valuable information regarding the epidemiology of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection in water buffaloes in the northeastern region of Thailand which will likely be very beneficial for management and control programs of this disease.     

秦岭北麓生态承载力定量评价研究

基于生态承载力理论,计算和分析了秦岭北麓的生态承载力状况,结果表明:秦岭北麓的生态弹性指数大于50,生态系统具有中等的自我维持与自我调节能力;水资源与土地资源均具有较高的承载能力,但土地资源的承载能力更具优势,承载指数大于70,水资源的承载指数则小于70;从资源的承载压力度来看,土地资源的承载压力比较小,水资源的承载压力则非常大,已超负荷。11个区县中,最低的水承载压力度为2.84,最高的已达到33.89的强压水平,水资源已成为社会经济发展的“瓶颈”。     

Structure and Catalytic Activity of CuO/TiO2 Modified by Different Kinds of Surfactants

CuO/TiO2 is modified by anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactant respectively in the preparation process. XRD, BET, UV-Vis, FTIR, 3D fluorescence and SEM are used to characterize the structure and photocatalytic activity of catalysts, which shows that crystal and UV-visible absorption characteristics of photocatalysts do not change with surfactant modification. All photocatalysts contain anatase TiO2 and CuO crystal, and their UV-visible absorption edges reach 900 nm. Whilse different kinds of surfactant lead to different amount of organic groups in photocatalytic surface, oxygen vacancies and the particle size of photocatalysts. Photocatalyst modified by anionic surfactant has the highest photocatalytic activity, because it has the richest organic groups and oxygen vacancies, and its particle size is the smallest. In contrast, photocatalyst modified by cationic surfactant has the lowest photocatalytic activity. In addition, degradation of dibutyl phthalate photocatalyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate modified photocatalysts reaches at 93%.