华南地区短枝木麻黄种源试验

对华南地区短枝木麻黄种源 16个性状的两试点联合方差分析表明 :除 PBA和 PBL 外 ,其它性状在地点间有极显著差异 ,表明参试种源在两个地点分别进行种源筛选 ;除 1年生树高、2～ 3年生单株材积外 ,其它数量性状在种源间有显著或极显著差异 ;4年生的树高、胸径、单株材积、PBD、PBT、PBL在种源×地点 ( P× S)互作间有显著或极显著差异。方差分量比例计算结算表明 ,2～ 4年生时 ,除 4年生单株材积方差分量比例略有降低外 ,树高、胸径和单株材积的地点方差分量比例及 P× S互作的方差分量比例均随年龄的增加而增加 ;质量性状 SFA、SFS、PBD和 PBT,地点方差分量比例最大 ,而种源或加上 P× S互作的方差分量 <10 %。当不考虑 P× S互作效应时 ,种源数量性状和质量性状的遗传变异系数和广义遗传力均比考虑互作效应时相应性状的遗传变异系数和广义遗传力大。4年生树高、胸径、保存率、SFA和 SF S等 6个性状 ,按地点对参试种源进行评定结果为 :试验 E94 6中 ,优良种源为 180 86、18118、183 55、180 13、182 4 4、18119、182 88、183 4 8、180 15和 180 0 8;试验 E94 4中优良种源有 18154、183 55、1812 8、18143、18153、1812 7、1813 4、142 3 3和 182 88。这些种源均好于国内对照种源 ,分别占各自参试种源的     

Effect of forest structure and health on the relative surface temperature captured by airborne thermal imagery – Case study in Norway Spruce-dominated stands in Southern Finland

The effect of forest structure and health on the relative surface temperature captured by airborne thermal imagery was investigated in Norway Spruce-dominated stands in Southern Finland. Airborne thermal imagery, airborne scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and 92 field-measured sample plots were acquired at the area of interest. The surface temperature correlated most negatively with the logarithm of stem volume, Lorey’s height and the logarithm of basal area at a resolution of 254?m² (9?m radius). LiDAR-derived metrics: the standard deviations of the canopy heights, canopy height (upper percentiles and maximum height) and canopy cover percentage were most strongly negatively correlated with the surface temperature. Although forest structure has an effect on the detected surface temperature, higher temperatures were detected in severely defoliated canopies and the difference was statistically significant. We also found that the surface temperature differences between the segmented canopy and the entire plot were greater in the defoliated plots, indicating that thermal images may also provide some additional information for classifying forests health status. Based on our results, the effects of forest structure on the surface temperature captured by airborne thermal imagery should be taken into account when developing forest health mapping applications using thermal imagery.     

控制我国海洋捕捞强度所面临的问题与对策探讨

削减过剩的捕捞能力已成为世界渔业管理面临的一大任务大陆0年代以后我国的海洋捕捞强度迅速增长，主要是：捕捞效率高的渔具渔法迅速增长，海洋机动渔船数量和功率膨胀，渔民数量迅速上升，为控制捕捞强度，我国逐步采用了一些渔业管理措施，然而效果不明显，本文将从以下几方面分析我国控制海洋捕捞强度所面临的问题：1、我国渔业管理措施的局限性；2、渔区产业结构单一；3、大量“非渔业劳动力”入渔；为解决以上问题，本文提出了以下几点建议；1、调整渔业产业结构；2、严格执行国家海洋捕捞强度控制指标。3、实施渔船报废制度与赎买计划；4、加快实施捕捞限额制度；5、发展渔民组织。     

黄土高原地区秋粮作物生产潜力模拟研究

应用 DSSAT3中的 CERES-谷子模型、CROPGRO-大豆模型和 SU BSTOR-马铃薯模型分别模拟研究了黄土高原 2 8个地点谷子、大豆和马铃薯的光温生产潜力 (TPP)和气候生产潜力 (CPP) ,获得了各点 6～ 15年各作物的产量潜力值 ,并统计计算了研究时段内各作物生产潜力的平均值、标准差、最高值、最低值和水分满足率 (WCR)。     

Innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3): Past,present and future research

The recent change in the regional development strategy of the European Union (EU) results in an important need to study the terms of change and their respective implications. This study seeks, through a bibliometric analysis, to ascertain the developments taking place in studies on research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) to identify shortcomings and opportunities for future research. This bibliometric review drew upon the Scopus database with the sample selected containing all the articles containing the keywords “Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation” or “RIS3.” This correspondingly reports how some authors maintain that the path the EU should take involves imitative innovation. Meanwhile, others propose that each region should specialise in those industries that are already established there and thus avoid targeting any areas they do not already know/specialise in. Our findings detail six clusters in RIS3 research, which help in contextualising the literature review: (a) business discovery; (b) smart specialisation; (c) innovation; (d) specialisation; (e) regional policies; and (f) regional development. This study furthermore sets out perspectives for future lines of research and correspondingly seeks to convey a vast theoretical basis that may serve as the point of departure for future studies.     

杂交与诱变相结合提高春小麦育种效果的研究

为给小麦育种工作者提供参考,总结了30多年春小麦杂交与诱变相结合的育种进展。从1974年至今,每年将各杂交组合当代种子均分为两份,一份用⁶⁰Co γ射线80Gy辐照,另一份种子不辐照,为单纯杂交材料,两部分材料同步筛选,育成了7个新品种,其中4个成为新疆春小麦种植面积最大的主栽品种。研究表明,中低剂量γ射线辐照春小麦杂种当代干种子,能够扩大杂种后代多数农艺性状的变异范围,株高与籽粒饱满度的相关系数有所降低,为选育矮秆兼抗旱的品种提供了可能。本项目育成的新春2号、新春6号等抗旱高产品种,连续20多年在新疆春小麦中种植面积为最大,近年又育成了优质品种新春26号等。认为杂交与诱变相结合,互相补充,可显著提高育种效率。另外,CIMMYT小麦种质在新疆春小麦育种中发挥了重要作用。     

Decapsulated Artemia Cysts: A Suitable Dietary Supplement for Juvenile Tench (Tinca tinca L.)

There are no specifically formulated dry foods for tench (Tinca tinca L.), which forces farmers to use diets formulated for other fish species. This has major drawbacks, such as high mortality, slow growth, and body deformities. A 120 day experiment was performed with five-month-old juvenile tench (initial mean weight: 0.388 g; total length: 31.78 mm) to evaluate decapsulated Artemia cysts as a supplement to a dry diet for other fish species. Three treatments, differing in the daily supplement, were tested: 1,800 freshly hatched nauplii, 1,800 cysts, and 300 cysts per g of tench biomass. Final survival ranged between 95.3% and 97.9%. Juvenile tench that received the supplement of 1,800 decapsulated Artemia cysts had a specific growth rate (1.28), weight (1.83 g), and total length (52.30 mm) significantly higher than those with the same amount of nauplii. The lowest supplement (300 cysts/g of fish biomass) allowed significantly lower growth and higher condition coefficient (1.40) than the rest. Animals with body deformities (1.06%) were only recorded in the groups that received the lowest cyst supplement. Results showed Artemia cysts are a suitable dietary supplement for juvenile tench, being an advantageous alternative to live nauplii.     

Effect of three diets on the gametogenic development and fatty acid profile of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) gonads

In this study, the effects of three diets were investigated to enhance Paracentrotus lividus production for commercial purposes. P. lividus were fed ad libitum for 80 days with: diet A—fresh Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, 1797; diet B—formulated using a jellified mix of macroalgae and vegetables, including C. tomentosum (20%), Coralina sp. Linnaeus, 1758 (17%), cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus, 1753 (30%), carrot Daucus carota Linnaeus, 1753 (30%) and agar (3%) as a gelling agent. Diet C consisted of maize Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753 (56%) and New Zealand spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas, 1781) Kuntze, 1891 (44%). Their effects on the gonadal and somatic growths, gonadosomatic index (GI) and gametogenesis were evaluated, as well as on the total lipid content and fatty acid composition of sea urchin's gonads. Diet A provided high values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Gonads of sea urchins fed with diet A were found mostly in growth and maturation stages of gametogenesis and showed the lowest lipid content. Sea urchins fed with diet B presented their gonads in the reabsorption stage and had the highest values of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Sea urchins fed with diet C were in the early stages of gametogenesis and had the highest values of lipid content, plus omega‐6 PUFAs. Once as an ingredient in a balanced mix with vegetables, C. tomentosum can be a key factor to the development of new promising high‐quality and low‐cost feed for P. lividus roe enhancement.     

Intensive rearing of juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae) during the first 6 months: effects of size grading

Recent advances in crayfish feeding have enabled the development of size grading studies from the start of first‐feeding. A 180‐day experiment aimed at intensive rearing of Pacifastacus leniusculus was carried out under controlled conditions, evaluating the effects of size grading at two different periods from the onset of exogenous feeding. Stage 2 juveniles were stocked in fibreglass tanks at a density of 100 m², and fed a dry diet for salmonids combined with restricted amounts of Artemia cysts. Five groups were tested: no grading, grading at 60 days (large and small size) and grading at 100 days (large and small size). After 6 months, no significant differences were found in the survival among groups (mean: 73.06%). The highest final growth (pooled results from upper and lower classes: 17.39 mm carapace length, 1.43 g weight) was achieved by the crayfish sorted at 60 days, showing significant differences from the ungraded group. Smaller crayfish graded at 60 days grew significantly faster than smaller crayfish graded at 100 days. The food conversion ratio was lower in the graded groups (mean: 2.64), showing significant differences from the ungraded group (3.23). This study shows that size grading allows a better performance and an improved feeding efficiency.     

新疆面包小麦品质性状环境变异及配粉效果的研究

为了进一步了解面包小麦品种在不同生态区的品质变异状况，通过实验室方法对新疆引进和选育的优质面包小麦新春9号和Y20在新疆乌鲁木齐市、石河子市和奇台县三个不同生态环境下的品质性状表现进行了检测分析。结果表明，小麦的加工品质易受环境影响，同一品种在不同地区种植其加工品质性状存在一定差异，但不同品种对环境反应的敏感性不同，新春9号在不同地区的品质性状差异小于Y20。虽然两个品种的综合品质性状都达到了国家一、二级面包小麦标准，但两个品种的加工品质性状差异还是较大的，其中，石河子产Y20的品质性状表现最为理想。因此，在进行品质性状环境变异研究的同时，对两个品种不同比例的搭配进行了粉质、拉伸、吹泡参数及烘焙品质的测定，结果表明将不同点的新春9号与石河子产Y20搭配，随着Y20比例的增加，其搭配后的品质在不断优化；对奇台产Y20与乌鲁木齐产新春9号以不同比例配粉，其中40%奇台产Y20与60%乌鲁木齐产新春9号配粉的效果最好；考虑到生产成本，则后者配粉效果更理想。