Growth performance of bath sponge (Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759) farmed on suspended ropes in the Dardanelles (Turkey)

Commercial bath sponge population in the Mediterranean has been recently reduced due to diseases and the depletion of natural banks. The commercial supply is far below the demand on the last 10–15 years. In this study, we aimed to investigate the farming performance of Spongia officinalis in the Dardanelles. Sponges collected from the Dardanelles cut into pieces of different weight. They were divided into two groups depending on the wet weight ranging from 50 to 150 g (mean weight 102.6 ± 4.81 g) and from 160 to 360 g (mean weight 235.8 ± 8.56 g). Three rope systems located parallel to each other with 6–7 m inter‐distance were constructed for the cultivation of sponges. At the end of the study, while small‐sized sponges could reach mean wet weight of 120.7 ± 14.8 g, large‐sized sponges reached mean wet weight of 247.6 ± 22.4 g. Growth rates were estimated 5–17% at 21st month. The survival rates were found 82% and 88%.     

Effects of the Depuration Process on Microbiological Quality and Nutritional Composition of Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819)

In this study, the effects of the depuration period on Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L., 1819), collected from Band?rma Harbor Area by the Sea of Marmara, were investigated. Distinctive changes were found to exist in the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, and ash content. The process of depuration was determined to have an effect on the number of total aerobic mesophilic/psychrophilic bacteria. Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus could not be identified during the study. The substances of aluminum, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, cadmium, chromium, lead, and potassium were determined to decrease in the Mediterranean mussel from the baseline to the end of the depuration. It was found that the process of depuration has a positive effect on alanine, phenylalanine, lysine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine; a negative effect on aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, proline, and arginine and no effect on methionine, histidine, glycine, and serine. The total saturated fatty acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids at the end of depuration were found to be 29.29%, 12.51%, and 45.57%, respectively, and the change in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found to be significant (p < 0.05).     

The effect of varying dietary energy on gonad development at first sexual maturity of the Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of five isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) diets having different energy contents; 10.85, 11.82, 12.73, 13.69, and 15.06 MJ DE/kg, respectively, on the gonad development and weight gain of Sharptooth catfish fingerlings. Energy contents of the experimental diets were increased with the increasing amount of soy-acid oil (0, 4, 8.5, 13, 18%) and each group of fish was fed on their respective diets (group I was fed diet I) during 180 days. The gonad maturation was significantly affected by dietary energy. In both sexes, the histological inspections of the gonads did reveal differences among the fish fed different energetic diets. Fish fed diets I, II, and III had significantly heavier and more developed gonads compared to those on diets IV and V. Fish fed the higher energetic diets (IV and V) had partially low numbers of yolky oocytes compared to other groups. The mean GSI values of female and male fish fed with diet III was significantly greater than those fed diets with higher dietary energy; however, higher HSI values were recorded for fish fed with the higher energetic diets (IV and V). Also, the best weight gain for both males and females were recorded from the fish fed diet III (12.73 MJ DE/kg). Therefore, on the basis of the present results, among energy levels tested, 12.73 MJ DE/kg was found to be optimal for healthy gonad development and weight gain.     

Settlement and growth of the mussels (Mytilusgalloprovincialis,Lamarck, 1819) on different collectors suspended from an offshore submerged longline system in the Black Sea

A study of spat settlement of a submerged longline mussel culture system was carried out in Sinop area, Black Sea, between May 2008 and May 2009. The effects of six different types of collectors on spat settlement and growth were investigated. Six different types of spat settlement rope were used as polypropylene ropes with 18 mm diameter, 18 mm diameter timeworn silk rope, 22 mm diameter rope made from old hawser (OSR), 22 mm diameter ropes made from old anchovy net without pegs, 18 mm diameter old used nylon ropes and 18 mm diameter tasselled polypropylene ropes. Monthly temperature, salinity, chlorophyll‐a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were determined during the experimental period. The best settlement was observed on the OSR type when measured per metre (3450.00 ± 125.83 ind m^?1). Consequently, the findings showed that settlement preference of spat occurred according to rope structure, and if ropes are designed to combine numerous well‐fixed tassels, spat settlement can increase. Spat growth was affected by environmental factors and rope structure. In addition, the study revealed a negative relationship between density and growth.     

First report of Crepis phyllody disease associated with phytoplasma in Crepis foetida in walnut orchard in Turkey

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In a walnut orchard in Turkey’s Mersin province in the summer of 2021, phytoplasma related symptoms such as abnormal formations in flowers...     

Beitrag zum epidemischen Auftreten der Tabakmottenschildlaus,Bemisia tabaci Genn., an Baumwollpflanzen in Südanatolien (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Occurrence of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn., on cotton plants in Southern Anatolia (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) At the beginning of July, 1974Bemisia tabaci Genn. showed an important epidemy in Çukurova region of Southern Anatolia. It caused a very heavy damage on more than 50 different kind of cultivated plant spp. and weeds. The losses approximately reached 80% on cotton in some area. The mean losses was 40% on this crop in the region. At the end of October the population of insects became decreased because of harvesting of the climate. It was observed thatB. tabaci overwinter on green plants as egg and larva in this region.     

Über das Vorkommen von Blattlausarten(Aphidoidea) im türkischen Forst

Zusammenfassung Die Aphiden in den türkischen Forsten (114 Arten in 7 Familien) und deren Wirtspflanzen sowie ihre ö konomische Bedeutung sind in diesem Artikel zusammengestellt. Die wichtigsten Arten sind.Pineus orientalis (Dreyf.),P. pini (Macq.) (Adelgidae);Cinara cedri Mime.,C. palaestinensis H. R. Lamb. (Lachidae);Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hart.) (Pemphigidae);Phyllaphis fagi (L.) (Callaphidae) undAphis craccivora Koch (Aphididae).Weitere in den türkischen Wäldern verbreitete Blattlausarten können orts- und zeitweise von Bedeutung sein.

---

Summary The aphids of Turkish forests (114 species in 7 families), their host plants and economic importance are summarized. More important species are:Pineus orientalis (Dreyf.),P. pini (Macq.) (Adelgidae);Cinara cedri Mim.,C. palaestinensis H. R. Lamb. (Lachnidae);Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hart.) (Pemphigidae);Phyllaphis fagi (L.) (Callaphididae) andAphis craccivora Koch (Aphididae).The other aphids which are recorded in Turkish forest, in some extent are important species.

     

Development,characterization and mapping of microsatellite markers for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Lentil is the sixth most important pulse crop terms of production in the world, but the number of available and mapped SSR markers are limited. To develop SSR markers in lentil, four genomic libraries for (CA)n, (GA)n, (AAC)n and (ATG)n repeats were constructed. A total of 360 SSR primers were designed and validated using 15 Turkish lentil cultivars and genotypes. The most polymorphic repeat motifs were GA and CT, with a mean number of alleles per locus of 7.80 and 6.55, respectively. Seventy‐eight SSR primers amplified a total of 400 polymorphic alleles, whereas 71 SSR primers produced markers within the expected size range. For 78 polymorphic SSR primers, the average number of alleles per locus was 5.1 and PIC value ranged from 0.07 to 0.89, with an average of 0.58. A linkage map was constructed using 92 individual F₂ plants derived from a cross between Karacada? × Silvan, with 47 SSR markers. The SSR markers developed in this study could be used for germplasm classification and identification and mapping of QTL in lentil.     

Freezability of Tushin Ram Semen Extended with Goat or Cow Milk Based Extenders

Cow milk is used as an extender for ram semen cryopreservation. Caseins, the major proteins of milk, appear to provide some protective effect to sperm during cryopreservation. Goat milk has unique casein structure. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of goat milk, as a main semen extender, on freezability of Tushin Ram semen. For this aim, ejaculates from four Tushin rams were collected with artificial vagina and pooled. Pooled semen was separately extended with four different extenders: TRIS based (TRIS), cow skim milk based (CSM) (10 g/100 ml), cow semi‐skim milk based (CSSM) and goat semi‐skim milk based (GSSM) extenders, containing egg yolk and glycerol. The semen was cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen until examination date. After thawing (at 37°C for 1 min), sperm motility, viability, morphology, acrosome and membrane integrity (HOST) were evaluated. Although, there was not any significant differences between extenders in post‐thaw percentage of viable spermatozoa (p > 0.05), Tushin ram semen extended with GSSM or CSM extenders had significantly higher post‐thaw percentage of progressive motility (25.0% and 30.8% respectively), compared with CSSM and TRIS (7.5% and 14.1% respectively, p < 0.001). Moreover, lowest abnormality percentage of post‐thaw spermatozoa were detected in ram semen extended with GSSM (49.5%) and CSM (51.5%), compared with CSSM (65.7%) and TRIS (60.7%) (p < 0.05). Whilst the results were considered, it was concluded that goat milk based extenders may be effectively and trustfully used in cryopreservation of Tushin ram semen, instead of cow milk and Tris based extenders, as a main extender.