East Meets West: An Eastern Perspective of Aquaculture 1

The East or perhaps a better term, Asia, is both a major producer and consumer of aquacultural products. Yet with a long history in the field of aquaculture, most countries have made little or no progress in the techniques and methods applied in this field. The Asian needs for aquaculture are also more basic in that aquaculture provides a cheap source of protein for the malnourished and undernourished populations. Development may be significantly affected by the wide income gap existing in these countries, by inequalities in educational quality and opportunity, and by social factors such as religion, taboos, or tradition. But on the whole, a better life for many of Asia's people may possibly be found in the development of its aquaculture potential.     

超氧化物歧化酶

本文就超氧化物歧化酶的种类、分布、结构、活性部位、催化机理、纯化、活力测定、理化特性等方面作了介绍,并叙述了它的研究动向和发展前景。     

继电保护用电流互感器的暂态特性数字仿真及电磁优化设计

本文在分析CT的暂态特性及其动态磁化过程的基础上,建立了计及铁芯饱和、局部磁滞回环、动态剩磁影响的CT单、复励磁暂态过程数字仿真模型,提出了继电保护用P、TPX、TPY、TPz级CT的电磁优化设计方法,编制了计算机程序,用于CT的电磁优化设计及数字仿真分析.     

提高果品品质的途径和措施

本文从品种、生态条件、栽培技术和采后商品化处理等方面分析了对果品品质的影响,提出了选用优良品种、坚持"适地适栽"、加强栽培管理和采后商品化处理等提高果品品质的途径及相应的对策和措施.     

Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.     

Effects of fat supplementation on plasma glucose,insulin and fatty acid analysis in ponies maintained on a forage‐based diet

The objective of this study was to observe how fat incorporated into an equine forage‐based diet through supplementation altered levels of plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acids. Five Shetland/Hackney cross pony mares were fed alfalfa pellet diets top dressed with commercially available vegetable oil (blend of soya bean, canola and corn oils) at 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet. Ponies were randomly assigned one of four diets to start, with a 14‐day adjustment period between transitioning to another one of the four diets. Ponies were gradually adapted to the new diet within the 14‐day period before a five‐day trial period. Each pony received all four diets by the end of the study. Each trial was a five‐day period with a three‐day sample collection. Blood samples for each collection week were taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 min and at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 hr post‐feeding. Excess fat did not impact plasma glucose (p > .1), nor did it affect blood plasma insulin concentration. While there was no time alteration found for plasma fatty acid concentration (p > .1), C14:0 increased when ponies were fed 0% fat and C18:2 decreased when ponies were fed 0% fat. Plasma fatty acids (% of total FA) were higher in C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:1 in the added fat diets (p < .1). These findings suggest the amounts reported in this study of fat supplementation on a forage‐based diet did influence the fatty acid analysis within the pony, but did not negatively impact blood glucose and insulin concentrations.     

盐碱胁迫下植物生理和钙信号通路分子机制的研究进展

土壤的盐化和碱化往往伴随发生,在盐碱胁迫下,植物会遭受许多类型的非生物胁迫,严重影响植物的正常生长发育.本综述首先介绍了盐碱土的分类;其次从四个方面对植物在盐碱胁迫下体内产生相应生理机制进行详细介绍;接下来以植物在盐碱胁迫下产生的钙信号为重点进行阐述,包括植物首个非离子通道型盐胁迫下离子感受器GIPCs的发现、盐碱胁迫...     

CW-MFC系统启动过程中溶解有机物的荧光光谱解析

为判断CW-MFC反应器运行状态提供一种简单且快速的监测方法,利用三维荧光光谱法研究人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统（CW-MFC）启动过程中溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征。结果显示CW-MFC反应器启动阶段的循环进水周期内类蛋白质峰荧光逐渐变弱,说明反应器内部微生物有较好的活性,而类腐殖质和类富里酸峰荧光呈现逐渐增强的趋势。同时,随着驯化时间的推移,在连续流进水周期内系统的输出电压基本维持在300 mV左右,COD、NH₄⁺-N、TP的平均去除率也逐渐趋于稳定,分别为82.66% ± 4.47%、73.52% ± 6.95%和55.42% ± 8.59%。并通过比较反应器的出水中DOM组分荧光强度得分值,发现从启动到稳定运行的过程中反应器内部微生物的活性和代谢逐渐稳定,说明利用三维荧光光谱技术判断反应器是否运行稳定具有可行性。     

焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化的光谱特征分析

土壤盐渍化是干旱区/半干旱区常见的一种土地退化现象,加强对土壤的盐渍化遥感调查和监测有利于盐渍土壤的改良和利用。高光谱波段众多、光谱信息丰富,在识别和定量演算盐渍土壤盐分含量上具有较大的优势。为了推进高光谱遥感数据在土壤盐渍化监测中的应用,本文以焉耆盆地部分地区为研究区域,通过野外调查以及实地测点,利用便携式光谱仪测量研究区域内不同盐渍程度的土壤光谱,分析土壤光谱曲线与土壤盐渍程度之间的关系,从而为今后的高光谱遥感的盐渍化监测打下基础。