除草剂‘抹绿’对春季交播草坪草的影响

针对湖南地区交播草坪春季平稳转换难的问题,以湖南地区常用的‘兰引3号’结缕草(Zoysia japonica‘Lantai No.3’)交播草坪为研究对象,通过喷施不同浓度的‘抹绿’,拟达到抑制一年生黑麦草潘多拉(Lolium multiflorum‘Panterra’)和多年生黑麦草蒙特利(L.perenne‘Monterey’)生长的目的,为‘兰引3号’结缕草的返青生长创造条件,从而顺利完成草相转换。结果表明,施药后随着时间的推移,交播草坪的归一化植被指数和绿色指数均先降低后升高,黑麦草体内丙二醛含量不断积累,相对电导率增大,黑麦草密度下降,‘兰引3号’结缕草密度增加。两个不同的黑麦草品种的交播草坪春季转换时,‘抹绿’最佳施用浓度为3×10~(-2) mL·m~(-2);在此浓度下,草坪草为‘潘多拉’的交播草坪45d完成转换,草坪草为‘蒙特利’的交播草坪60d完成转换。这表明适宜浓度的‘抹绿’能有效抑制黑麦草生长,促进草相平稳转换。这为草坪过渡气候带地区草坪交播技术的推广应用提供理论支持和技术指导。     

遵义市辣椒产业发展的现状、问题与对策

本文概述了遵义市辣椒产业发展的基本情况及存在的问题,进一步提出了当前遵义辣椒产业发展的思路与措施。     

不同声音对草鱼幼鱼负趋音性行为反应影响研究

声驱鱼技术作为辅助过鱼措施之一,承担着保证鱼类洄游顺利通过过鱼设施,继而保护鱼类资源和恢复河流连通性的重要作用。本研究采用交替播音的形式,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼为研究对象进行负趋音性实验,旨在探究草鱼幼鱼面对不同声音的行为反应。实验水槽(3.6 m×1.1 m×1.0 m)布置于下牢溪周围水域,平均水深为0.5 m,平均流速为0.06 m/s。实验使用1种单频音(1 000 Hz)和5种复杂音(鱼游动声、引擎声、短吻鳄叫声、打桩声和游艇声),声压级(sound pressure level)为(117.69±2.77) dB re 1 μPa,对照组为未播放声音时草鱼的行为反应数据。结果显示,播放复杂音时,草鱼的反应次数、趋音速度、运动时间比均显著高于单频音和对照组(P<0.001),草鱼的初次反应时间、平均反应时间均显著低于单频音和对照组(P<0.001);复杂音中,受到游艇声刺激的草鱼反应次数和趋音速度最大,受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼反应次数、趋音速度最小;复杂音中,受到游艇声刺激的草鱼初次反应时间最短,为(23.40±5.13) s;受到引擎声刺激的草鱼初次反应时间最长,为(146.00±7.82) s,显著低于其他复杂音(P<0.05);受到游艇声和打桩声刺激的草鱼平均反应时间最短,分别为(26.52±3.01) s和(28.76±4.07) s;受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼平均反应时间最长,为(64.76±17.82) s;复杂音中,受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼运动时间比最高,为(98.47±0.48)%;受到引擎声刺激的草鱼运动时间比最低,为(94.58±0.54)%;播放单频音时,草鱼的反应次数、初次反应时间、平均反应时间、运动时间比均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究表明,5种复杂音(鱼游动声、引擎声、短吻鳄叫声、打桩声和游艇声)对草鱼幼鱼具有驱赶效果。本研究在丰富鱼类负趋音性研究的同时,为实际工程中声驱鱼辅助过鱼设施的设计和优化提供了科学依据。     

半干旱草原主要植物光能和水分利用特征的研究

在植物生长季内测定了内蒙古半干旱草原6种主要植物的光合和水分利用特征，比较了植物之间在光能和水分利用方面的差异，认为水分利用效率难以反应植物对干旱的适应性，而其倒数－水分竞争系数是较好的表征指标；植物的光能利用效率和水分竞争系数之间存在补偿关系；半干旱草原主要植物适应环境的方式不同，它们在光能和水分资源生态位上存在分离。     

两种草地贪夜蛾卵寄生蜂的田间寄生作用调查

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)为新入侵我国的重大害虫,对我国农业生产造成了巨大的威胁.为挖掘、评估及利用广西地区草地贪夜蛾的寄生蜂天敌资源,于2019年8月至10月、2020年8月在南宁市玉米产区进行了草地贪夜蛾寄生蜂的调查.共发现夜蛾黑卵蜂Telenomus remus(...     

2018年安徽省部分地区A型禽流感流行率横断面研究

为了解安徽省A型禽流感病毒感染情况,2018年4—5月,在安徽省北部、中部和南部7个市,随机选取各类型场点173个,在每个场点内随机采集35份咽喉/泄殖腔和环境拭子样品,使用荧光RT-PCR进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型流感病毒核酸检测。结果显示：在4个养殖场、3个活禽批发市场和17个农贸市场检出了A型禽流感病毒,场点阳性率分别为2.9%（4/140）、75.0%（3/4）、80.9%（17/21）,未检出H5和H7亚型流感病毒核酸;A型禽流感群体流行率为11.2%（95%CI：6.5%~15.8%）,个体流行率为1.2%（95%CI：0.9%~1.5%）;活禽交易市场内,禽群感染A型禽流感病毒的风险较高（OR=136,95%CI：32.7~549.4）。结果表明,A型禽流感病毒在养殖和交易环节存在一定的污染,而在活禽交易市场的污染更严重,是今后禽流感防控的重点,需继续加强活禽交易市场的管理和消毒灭源工作。     

Adeno-associated virus type 9-mediated p65 silencing inhibits angiotensin II-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells

AIM: To study the effect of p65 gene silencing by adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9)-mediated RNA interference on angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ; 10^-6 mol/L for 24 h)-induced apoptosis of rat ventricular H9c2 myocytes, and to elucidate the possible mechanism. METHODS: The H9c2 cells were transfected with rAAV9-eGFP and rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA at multiplicity of infection (MOI)=4×10⁶ vg/cell. eGFP expression in the cells was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope, and the percentage of eGFP positive cells was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of p65 was determined by Western blot. CCK-8 assay was used to measured the viability of transfected H9c2 cells. The apoptosis of the cells transfected with the virus and with Ang Ⅱ stimulation was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The cells began to exhibit eGFP expression on the 2nd day after transfection. The fluorescence intensity was increased over the time of transfection. eGFP expression reached the maximum on the 5th day, and the transfection efficiency was (52.7±1.9)% at this time point. Compared with blank control group, no significant effect of AAV9 on the viability of H9c2 cells was observed. In resting state, p65 in the H9c2 cells had a certain activity. After Ang Ⅱ stimulation, the activity of p65 was obviously increased, while transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibited the expression of p65. The apoptosis of H9c2 cells in Ang Ⅱ stimulation group was significantly higher than that in blank control group, while transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibited apoptosis of H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION: Transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibits the expression of p65 gene of NF-κB pathway in the H9c2 cells without causing cell growth inhibition, and reduces the apoptosis induced by Ang Ⅱ.     

Modulation of broilers’ caecal microflora and metabolites in response to a potential probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Studies have found that a dietary supplement of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved the growth performance, increased the nutrient digestibility of hosts and modulated the intestinal microflora. A total of 360 1‐day‐old Ross broilers were randomly divided into three treatments: a control group with a basal diet, an antibiotic group with a basal diet and added colistin sulphate, and a probiotics group with a basal diet and added Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The HiSeq high‐throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA was used to investigate the differences in birds’ caecal microflora, and metabolomics was used to analyse changes in caecal metabolites. Results showed that the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly improved the BW and ADG compared with the control birds. Results of sequencing indicated that (i) 645, 670, 596 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in birds supplemented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on day 7, 21 and 42, separately, (ii) due to the diversity and relative abundance of the birds’ caecal microflora, the OTUs of the caecal microflora clustered according to age and treatment, except on day 42, (iii) among the six predominate families (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Rikenellaceae), the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly increased Enterobacteriaceae on day 42, (iv) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus on day 21, increased the Faecalibacterium and Blautia and decreased the Ruminococcus on day 42. The metabolomics of caecal metabolites showed that the dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens changed the caecal metabolites involved of amino acid metabolism and glyceride metabolism, and the antibiotics changed the caecal metabolites that were related to carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism on day 21.     

大豆连作对土壤纤维素酶活性的影响

试验结果表明,大豆连作土壤中纤维素酶活性的变化是：播期,成熟期的变化趋势基本一致,以连作２年酶活性最低。而结荚期酶活性则以连作二年酶活性最高,出现了与播期,成熟期截然不同的变化趋势,结荚期酶活性几乎都高于播期,成熟期。经相关分析表明,播期,成熟期纤维素酶活性变化与土壤有机碳和ｐＨ呈显著正相关。     

表达马立克氏病病毒CVI988／Rispens株糖蛋白B基因的重组鸡痘病毒疫苗的免疫保护研究

用鸡痘病毒载体表达马立克氏病病毒（MDV）糖蛋白B（gB）基因构建成重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV）。以MDV　GA或Md5和RBIB混合攻毒，在不同品种的鸡中评价rFPV－gB／R单价苗和与火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）组成的二价苗的免疫保护效力。试验结果表明，MDV疫苗和FPV母源抗体阴性的SPF鸡和母源抗体阳性的商品鸡中，rFDV－gB／R均能提供免疫保护作用，且其中一种商品蛋鸡中rFPV－gB／R与HVT液氮苗或HVT冻干苗结合使用，均有显著的免疫协同保护作用。免疫学研究指出，rFPV－gB／R与常规疫苗一样，可显著地降低疫苗免疫攻毒鸡的病毒血症和羽囊排毒。