大沽河河口潮滩表层沉积物中有机物的时空分布特征

为明确胶州湾大沽河河口潮滩贝类底播养殖区生态功能退化的原因,2009年2月、5月、8月和11月,在该潮滩采集表层沉积物样品,分析其中有机物的质量分数并评价表层沉积物的环境质量.结果表明:2月,非底播潮滩、底播潮滩和河道的表层沉积物中有机物的质量分数分别是7.35%、6.00%和4.12%;5月,上述区域表层沉积物中有机物的质量分数分别为1.90%、6.67%和3.29%;8月,表层沉积物中有机物的质量分数分别为1.66%、5.69%和3.7l%;11月,表层沉积物物中有机物的质量分数分别为1.88%、4.20%和4.94%.贝类养殖潮滩表层沉积物的环境质量在5月为三类水平,在2月、8月和11月属二类;非养殖潮滩在2月属三类水平,在5月、8月和11月属一类;河道在2月、11月属二类水平,在5月、8月属一类.因此,潮滩底播养殖区生态功能退化源于表层沉积物中过多有机物质的积聚,在2月,贝类食物短缺也是其成因.     

Dirofilaria repens in a cat with acute liver failure

Acute liver failure was diagnosed in a 12-year-old cat. Fine needle aspirate cytology revealed high numbers of unsheathed microfilariae and a hepatocellular reaction with no evidence of bacterial infection. The microfilariae were identified as those of Dirofilaria repens by acid phosphatase staining. The high number of microfilariae seen in both the blood and the liver aspirate samples as well as the favourable response to ivermectin amongst other drugs administered, is suggestive that D. repens was the cause of the liver insult. A positive result obtained with an antigen-capture ELISA (Dirochek) for Dirofilaria immitis antigen was interpreted as false. This is the 1st report of Dirofilaria repens for South Africa.     

L-肉碱强化卤虫对鲤鱼开口苗脂肪酸组成和C/N比率的影响

【目的】研究L-肉碱强化卤虫对鲤鱼开口苗脂肪酸组成和C/N比率的影响,为鲤鱼开口苗的饲养提供参考。【方法】分别用质量浓度为0(对照),1,100,1 000 mg/L的L-肉碱强化卤虫无节幼体(Artemiasp.)12和24h,然后投喂给鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)开口苗,21 d后测定鱼苗的脂肪酸组成和C/N比率。【结果】投喂L-肉碱强化12 h的卤虫时,1 mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的∑C14-24脂肪酸含量、饱和脂肪酸含量和单不饱和脂肪酸含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);1 000 mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的单不饱和脂肪酸含量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);L-肉碱对鲤鱼开口苗的多不饱和脂肪酸含量、∑n-3+∑n-6和∑DHA+EPA含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);1 000mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的C/N比率显著低于对照组和1 mg/L L-肉碱处理组(P<0.05)。投喂L-肉碱强化24 h的卤虫时,1和100 mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的∑C14-24脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),但2组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);1 000 mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的∑C14-24脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);1 mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的单不饱和脂肪酸含量较其他3组显著降低(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸、∑n-3+∑n-6和∑DHA+EPA含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);100 mg/L和1 000 mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的多不饱和脂肪酸、∑n-3+∑n-6和∑DHA+EP A含量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),且2组之间差异显著(P<0.05);1,100 mg/L L-肉碱处理组鲤鱼开口苗的C/N比率较对照组和1 000 mg/L L-肉碱处理组显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下,以质量浓度100 mg/L L-肉碱强化卤虫24 h后再投喂鲤鱼开口苗,可显著改善鲤鱼开口苗的脂肪酸组成和C/N比率。     

不同种类夏绿肥对设施土壤的改良效应

通过盆栽试验研究了3种夏绿肥(羊角豆、柽麻、决明)种植和翻压对设施土壤养分和盐基离子含量的影响,旨在为温室大棚夏季休闲期种植绿肥改良土壤提供科学依据。结果表明:1)种植羊角豆、决明、柽麻60 d后,与对照处理相比,羊角豆、决明、柽麻处理均显著增加了土壤的有效磷含量,增加比例分别为8.6%、13.2%、25.7%;羊角豆和决明处理显著降低了土壤电导率,降低比例分别为25.0%和33.3%,对设施土壤次生盐渍化具有显著的改良趋势。决明、柽麻处理显著降低了(K~++Na~+)/(Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)),降低比例分别为17.0%、35.6%,有助于土壤胶体的凝聚和土壤团粒结构的形成。2)绿肥翻压110 d后,与对照处理相比,羊角豆和决明处理电导率变化不显著,柽麻处理显著增加了电导率,增加比例为50.0%。羊角豆、决明、柽麻均显著增加了土壤的速效钾含量,增加比例分别为23.7%、5.7%、9.4%;羊角豆和决明处理显著增加了土壤全氮含量,增加比例分别为17.8%和26.0%;决明、柽麻均显著降低了(K~++Na~+)/(Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)),降低比例分别为24.1%、18.5%,表明3种绿肥翻压后,培肥效果显著。3)综合来看,种植绿肥有显著改良土壤次生盐渍化的趋势,而绿肥翻压后培肥效果更为显著。因此,温室大棚夏季休闲期,可通过种植生长周期短、吸附能力强的夏绿肥降低土壤的盐基离子总量,改良土壤,但不宜翻压。3种夏绿肥中,推荐决明作为设施大棚夏季休闲期改良土壤的填闲作物。     

Neuroendocrine-immune interactions in fish: a role for interleukin-1

Bi-directional communication between the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and the sympathetic nervous system with the immune system is crucial to ensure homeostasis. Shared use of ligands and especially receptors forms a key component of this bi-directional interaction. Glucocorticoids (GC), the major end products of the HPA-axis differentially modulate immune function. Cytokines, especially interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), ensure immune signalling to the neuroendocrine system. In addition, hormones from leukocyte origin such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and beta-endorphin, as well as centrally synthesised and secreted cytokines, contribute to the communication network.In teleost fish cortisol is the major product of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI)-axis which is the teleost equivalent of the HPA-axis. Moderate and substantial increases in cortisol during stressful circumstances negatively affect B-lymphocytes, whereas rescue of neutrophilic granulocytes may support innate immunity. Recent elucidation of lower vertebrate cytokine sequences has facilitated research into neuroendocrine-immune interactions in teleosts and the first evidence for a significant function of interleukin-1 in the bi-directional communication is discussed.     

土壤水分状况对猕猴桃叶片蒸腾速率影响研究

针对传统方法在计算猕猴桃叶片蒸腾速率时,存在结果不准确,修正率不高问题,为此,提出一种新参数修正法解决上述问题.基于高光谱传感器对猕猴桃叶面积蒸腾速率动态模拟分析方法,构建蒸腾模型;运用该模型分析各因素对蒸腾速率的影响,通过函数修正方法获得土壤水分状况系数,从而实现猕猴桃叶面积蒸腾速率的准确计算.为了验证方法的有效性,...     

An investigation into the clinical pathological changes and serological response in horses experimentally infected with Babesia equi and Babesia caballi

Serologically negative horses, as determined with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA), were infected with Babesia equi and 60 days later with Babesia caballi. The only clinical signs of disease observed in these animals were a febrile reaction and slight icterus. Haematological changes included a drop in haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration, as well as lowered platelet counts. The serum concentrations of albumin, iron and phosphorus were lowered. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin and fibrinogen concentrations were observed. Antibody titres were determined with the IFA and complement fixation (CF) tests. Antibodies to B. equi were first detected between Days 10-19 and 12-38 with the IFA and CF test, respectively, while the corresponding IFA periods for B. caballi were 6-8 days after infection. The parasitaemia of both B. equi and B. caballi infections never reached the 1% level.     

鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶对肥胖模型大鼠体重、脂肪沉积及脂质代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶对肥胖大鼠体重、脂肪沉积及脂质代谢影响。随机选取雄性大鼠108只,体重220~240 g,适应性饲养3 d。分为对照组(Ⅰ组)、高脂组(Ⅱ组)和高脂模型组;高脂模型组造模成功后,将其按体重随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只;各组在基础饲粮中分别添加0(Ⅲ组)、0.01%(Ⅳ组)、0.05%(Ⅴ组)、0.1%(Ⅵ组)、0.2%(Ⅶ组)、0.4%(Ⅷ组)、0.8%(Ⅸ组)的果胶酶。试验期8周。结果表明:1)鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶能够有效抑制肥胖模型大鼠体重的增长,降低Lee’s指数,控制体型发育。2)鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶能够降低肥胖模型大鼠机体脂肪沉积量。3)鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶能够有效地对肥胖模型大鼠由于摄入高脂饲粮引起的脂肪肝进行干预,使其恢复到正常水平。4)鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶能够降低肥胖模型大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、游离脂肪酸含量,提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。5)鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶能够降低肥胖模型大鼠谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性,提高血清脂蛋白酯酶和肝酯酶活性。由此可见,鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶对肥胖模型大鼠脂肪沉积和脂质代谢具有显著干预修复作用,降脂效果明显。     

玉米氮素敏感性差异自交系的表达谱分析

玉米材料的氮肥敏感性存在显著差异,但基因表达模式尚不清楚。基于此,本研究以玉米氮敏感型自交系 B73和钝感型自交系Mo17为材料,对足氮(sufficient nitrogen,简称SN)和低氮(limiting nitrogen,简称LN)条件下苗期叶片组织的转录组进行分析。对于叶片总氮含量,敏感型B73在足氮和低氮条件下存在显著差异,而钝感型Mo17的差异小且不显著。基因表达差异分析显示Mo17在两种氮环境下差异基因的数目达13 867个,在低氮环境下基因上调比例高于下调比例1.9倍;B73差异基因的数目为10 028个,低氮环境基因上调比例低于下调比例。基因聚类分析也显示低氮环境下,钝感型Mo17基因表达上调或下调的幅度高于敏感型B73。差异基因双尾方差分析表明受氮环境和基因型共同影响的差异基因为342个,功能主要集中在与氨基酸代谢、光合作用、次级代谢及基因复制表达等相关途径。综上所述,在低氮条件下氮钝感型Mo17较敏感型B73激活更多的基因来提高植株对氮的吸收和同化能力,被激活的基因可能与玉米氮肥转运和利用有关。