快速滤过型净化法结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测人参中的5种农药残留

基于人参样品基质特点,采用快速滤过型净化法 (m-PFC) 结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS),建立了人参中嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、吡虫啉、茚虫威和噻嗪酮5种农药残留同时检测的分析方法。该方法具有较低的检出限 (0.03~0.18 μg/kg) 和定量限 (0.11~0.59 μg/kg),其定量限较中国国家标准GB 2763—2016中规定的对人参中苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯的最大残留限量 (MRL) (0.5~1 mg/kg) 低3个数量级,5种农药的线性范围在1~500 μg/L之间。在2、10、50、100和300 μg/kg的添加水平下,方法的平均回收率均在76%~115%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 均小于11%,回收率较好且方法稳定。与传统样品前处理方法相比,该方法具有操作简单、省时省力和灵敏度高等优点。将该方法应用于市售6份人参样品中5种农药残留的检测,结果未检出相应的农药残留。该方法为研发建立更快速、准确地检测人参中农药残留的方法提供了思路,也为后续中国国家标准修订人参中农药最大残留限量提供了参考。     

广西甘蔗地冬季黏虫发生调查初报

于2014—2018年冬季,在广西桂南地区、桂中、桂西和桂东南地区选择不同类型甘蔗地,调查黏虫发生及为害情况。结果表明,新植蔗和收割后焚烧蔗叶的宿根蔗地极少发现黏虫,而收割后蔗叶(直接或粉碎)还田的宿根蔗地发现有不同龄期的幼虫为害,老蔗地亦发现老熟幼虫或蛹,但虫口密度低。数据显示,广西桂南地区冬季甘蔗地黏虫虫口密度最大。其中,2017年南宁市武鸣区虫口密度最高,达8.9头/m^2,其次是桂东南地区,桂中地区和桂西地区极少或未发现黏虫。     

27-Hydroxycholesterol modulates lung cancer cell proliferation by activation of LXR signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) on the proliferation of lung cancer cells. METHODS:Human lung cancer A549 cells were treated with 27-OHC at different concentrations (0, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L) for 24~48 h. The cell viability, cell cycle, cell prolife-ration, the intracellular cholesterol levels and cholesterol metabolism-related molecule expression were subsequently assessed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, EdU staining, tissue total cholesterol detection kit, real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS:27-OHC decreased the viability of the A549 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P<0.01) and inhibited the cell proliferation (P<0.05). The expression of typical liver X receptor (LXR) downstream target proteins including ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CR) were modulated, which promoted the efflux of intracellular cholesterol, and reduced cholesterol influx and de novo synthesis, resulting in decreased intracellular cholesterol levels and cell viability. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of 27-OHC on A549 cell viability was significantly attenuated after the LXR pathway was partially blocked by 5 μmol/L GSK2033 treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:27-OHC inhibits A549 cell prolife-ration via activation of LXR signaling pathway.     

Role of ghrelin in cell protection by up-regulating HSP70 through ERK1/2 signaling pathway in PC12 cells

AIM:To study the role of ghrelin in cell protection by up-regulating heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and inhibiting apoptosis induced by oxidative stress through extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in the PC12 cells. METHODS:Sodium nitoprusside (SNP) was used to induce oxidative stress injury in the PC12 cells. The cultured PC12 cells were divided into SNP-injured group (incubated with SNP at 0.5 mmol/L for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h), ghrelin pretreatment group (ghrelin at 100 nmol/L was given 30 min before adding SNP); HSP70 inhibitor group (quercetin at 10 μmol/L was added 60 min before ghrelin treatment), ERK inhibitor group (ERK 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 was added 60 min before ghrelin treatment) and control group (added same amount of culture medium only). The apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression was determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS:Compared with control group, the apoptotic rate of PC12 cells in SNP-injured group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with SNP-injured group, ghrelin (100 nmol/L) pretreatment significantly inhibited SNP-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells (P<0.05), and significantly up-regulated the protein expression of HSP70 (P<0.05). Time-effect analysis showed that ghrelin had the most significant effect at 18 h after SNP injury. Quercetin, an inhibitor of HSP 70, significantly reduced the anti-apoptotic effect of ghrelin (P<0.05). Ghrelin pretreatment promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly inhibited the effects of ghrelin on up-regulation of HSP70 expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Ghrelin upregulates the expression of HSP70 and inhibits the apoptosis in the PC12 cells induced by oxidative stress by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.     

滴灌施肥对加工番茄产量和品质的影响

为了寻求滴灌施肥条件下连作加工番茄持续优质高产平衡施肥方案,以番茄为材料,采用"3414"优化试验方法,分析了滴灌平衡施肥对加工番茄生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥条件下,增施氮、磷、钾肥和配施微肥明显促进番茄生长发育;增磷和配施微肥显著提高产投比,实现增收;增氮、增钾的增产效果不显著,但减氮、减钾显著降低了产量;增钾、配施微肥显著提高加工番茄品质,尤其在提高番茄糖酸比,降低硝酸盐量积累,促进可溶性固形物的形成及改良色差等方面成效显著。滴灌施肥条件下,增施磷、钾肥,配施微肥对连作加工番茄具有显著的增产提质作用。     

设施畜牧业关键技术研究态势分析

[目的/意义]目前中国畜牧业正处于加快转型的重要时期,了解相关技术的发展态势对于畜牧业的发展具有一定的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]本文以设施畜牧业领域技术研发的3个主要方向:笼舍技术、饲喂饮水技术和环境控制技术的相关专利为研究对象,利用专利计量的方法对其发展趋势、技术分支、申请人、各阶段重点专利等进行了分析。[结果/结论]笼舍、饲喂饮水和环境控制技术发展同步经历了萌芽期、波动发展期、快速发展期3个阶段,当前申请量呈现直线上升的态势;技术研发主体以企业为主,各研发单位之间技术布局差异性明显;近些年重点专利中的国内专利明显增多;笼舍技术方面装置研发均侧重于粪尿清除、垫板等技术;饲喂饮水技术方面饲喂技术的研究多于饮水技术,且均侧重于研发自动化设备;环境控制技术侧重于废弃物处理技术、空气调节技术和房舍清洁刷洗技术。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的水稻miR1866突变体构建

microRNA (miRNA)是长度为18～25个碱基的非编码单链RNA,在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的调节作用.水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物之一,近年来调控水稻生长发育的miRNA不断被发掘,但目前关于miR 1866的研究还比较少.本研究通过构建miR1866的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,创制miR1866的突...     

南方小花蝽和黄蓟马的种群动态及捕食功能反应

为明确南方小花蝽和黄蓟马在冬季蚕豆植株上的发生情况及南方小花蝽对黄蓟马的室内捕食控害能力,本试验采用五点取样盘拍法调查了蚕豆植株上黄蓟马及其天敌南方小花蝽的种群密度;在实验室内用捕食功能反应法研究了南方小花蝽雌成虫对黄蓟马成虫和2龄若虫的捕食功能、寻找效应及其自身密度对捕食黄蓟马的干扰反应.结果表明:黄蓟马在3月初达种...     

基于分期播种的水稻生长动态及产量对热量条件的响应

为了研究东北地区水稻生长发育和产量对温度变化的敏感性,以2个水稻品种（‘辽星1’、‘辽优5218’）为试验材料,设置4个播种期,分析播期对水稻生长动态和产量特征的影响。结果表明：（1）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期分蘖数达到峰值较II播期少用积温400℃左右;I和IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别减少3.16%和15.50%,III播期增加3.85%。‘辽优5218’在III和IV播期分蘖数到达峰值较II播期多用积温300℃左右;I、III、IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别增加7.12%、32.51%、19.59%。（2）‘辽星1’在I和IV播期株高较II播期偏低,III播期最高;‘辽优5218’在I、III、IV播期株高偏低,I播期最矮。（3）‘辽星1’在I和III播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期分别多用积温300℃和200℃左右,IV播期少用100℃左右;I、III、IV播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别增加48.5%、113.3%、31.6%。‘辽优5218’在I播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期多用积温500℃左右,III和IV播期分别少用400℃和100℃左右;I和III播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别减少31.6%和27.6%,IV播期增加20.9%。（4）‘辽星1’在III播期地上干质量最高,IV播期最低;‘辽优5218’在I播期地上干质量最高,II播期最低。（5）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期的产量较II播期分别减产5.64%、6.27%、27.25%;‘辽优5218’在I播期的产量较II播期增加5.66%,III和IV播期分别减产13.14%和31.29%。（6）≥10℃积温2700~2800℃,平均温度24℃左右更适宜辽宁水稻生长和产量形成。     

气流辅助式喷雾工况参数对雾滴飘移特性的影响

采用三维流场的多相流计算流体力学模型,研究雾滴在自然风影响、辅助气流胁迫和自身重力作用下在连续相和雾滴粒子群离散相耦合的交互作用,并分析了不同工况参数对雾滴漂移特性的影响.结果表明:增大风筒气流出口速度,可以胁迫雾滴向靶标运动,减少雾滴飘失率.当喷嘴流量较小时,雾滴飘失率变小的趋势最为明显.然而喷嘴流量过大时,雾滴整体抗飘失能力显著下降.辅助气流的喷雾角对减少雾滴飘失相对于自然风速、辅助气流风速没有显著的影响.