外源活性物质对小麦苗期抗逆性的影响

为了探讨外源活性物质对小麦耐盐性的影响,采用盐碱土盆栽法,分析了大丽轮枝孢(Verticillium dahliae) Asp f2类蛋白溶液(0.8%,VDAL)、海藻寡糖(0.1%,AOS)和蒸馏水(CK)拌种对小麦幼苗生长发育和抗逆生理的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,VDAL和AOS拌种均显著提高了盐胁迫下小麦苗期株高、根系干重和叶干重,根冠比分别较CK提高8.5%和6.8%。AOS拌种显著提高了叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量。VDAL和AOS拌种均能显著降低叶片丙二醛含量,VDAL拌种能显著提高叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,使叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著提高达29.5%;AOS拌种能显著提高脯氨酸含量和POD活性。由此可见,VDAL和AOS拌种均对提高小麦苗期耐盐性具有一定促进作用,可以考虑在盐碱地小麦栽培中应用,以提高群体量。     

EDC/NHS crosslinked electrospun regenerated tussah silk fibroin nanofiber mats

The tussah silk fibroin (TSF) nanofibers with 611 nm diameters were prepared by electrospinning with the solvent hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). And then, the TSF nanofibers were crosslinked by 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide/N-Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) crosslinking agent. The morphology and microstructure of the crosslinked TSF nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Instron electronic strength tester, and cell culture. After treatment with EDC/NHS crosslinking agent, the TSF nanofibers swelled and its average diameter increased from 611 to 841 nm. FTIR and X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that random coil, ??-helix, and ??-sheet co-existed in the TSF nanofiber mats, but the content of ??-sheet increased from 25.26 to 45.34 %, and the random coil content decreased from 32.47 to 24.94 %. Compared with the electrospun pure TSF nanofiber mats, the crosslinked TSF nanofiber mats exhibited a lower breaking tenacity and initial modulus, which were 5.51 MPa and 9.86 MPa, respectively. At the same time, the extension at break of the crosslinked TSF nanofiber achieved 109.38 %. In cell culture evaluation, the crosslinked TSF nanofibers were found to support cell adhesion and spreading fibroblast L373 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which had potential utility in a range of tissue engineering.     

噻虫胺等七种杀虫剂对黄曲条跳甲的毒力

采用浸叶法测定了噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯等7种药剂及其混用对黄曲条跳甲的毒力及增效作用。结果显示:7种药剂中噻虫胺对黄曲条跳甲的毒力最高,LC50值为315.1 mg/L,其毒力倍数是呋虫胺的3.23倍;其次为噻虫嗪和高效氯氟氰菊酯,LC50值分别为473.1和543.1 mg/L。噻虫胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯按5∶5、4∶6、3∶7、2∶8和1∶9的质量比混用,其LC50值分别是215.6、307.1、334.1、232.6和240.7 mg/L,均表现为增效作用,其中2∶8和1∶9混用的共毒系数分别达203.9和210.5,增效最显著;噻虫胺与丁烯氟虫腈按5∶5、4∶6、3∶7、2∶8和1∶9的比例混用,其LC50值分别为409.2、356.9、338.1、402.4和392.6 mg/L,除5∶5混用表现为相加作用外,其余配比均表现为增效作用,其中1∶9混用共毒系数为182.1,增效显著;噻虫胺与杀虫单按5∶5、4∶6、3∶7、2∶8和1∶9的比例混用,其LC50值分别为479.4、540.0、454.8、737.0和878.7 mg/L,其中3∶7混用的共毒系数为127.9,有明显的增效作用,其余配比均表现为相加作用。噻虫胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯、丁烯氟虫腈、杀虫单混用增效作用明显,可以作为防治黄曲条跳甲的高效药剂。     

基于DNA宏条形码的莼菜大田土壤真菌多样性研究

高通量测序与DNA条形码结合产生的DNA宏条形码技术(DNA-Metabarcoding),能快速鉴定混合样本中的物种,现已成为检测群类物种多样性和丰富度的常用方法.本试验采用这一方法分析了莼菜大田不同种植年限土壤真菌多样性,结果表明:10年生土壤中含有最多的真菌种类,多样性及丰富度最高;在属水平上表现为蛙粪霉属、裂梗霉属、酵母属等占优势;群类组成分析显示,种植年限的变化对土壤真菌群落组成有一定的影响;聚类分析中10年与15年生莼菜土壤物种多样性相似度较高.     

新疆多浪羊白细胞介素8 cDNA的克隆测序及其变异SNP的分析

采集多浪羊的血液,分离白细胞,提取总RNA,用白细胞介素8（IL-8）的引物进行两步法的RT-PCR扩增、克隆与酶切鉴定,测序后进行序列比对,与NM_001009401.1同源性高达99%,初步判定为多浪羊的IL-8编码全长cDNA。通过序列比对,发现多浪羊IL-8的基因起始密码子上游第七个碱基发生突变,在NM_001009401.1中是T,而在测序的多浪羊的IL-8中是C。对该测序序列进行数据库搜索和序列比对,发现该碱基变异很独特,并对该变异可能对mRNA蛋白翻译的影响进行了初步的分析。     

激振式扭转疲劳试验台载荷波形畸变分析

针对行星式离心激振扭转疲劳试验台在进行汽车传动轴扭转疲劳试验时出现的载荷波形畸变现象,分析了试验台扭振系统并建立了数学模型,导出交变扭矩幅值变化的数学表达式。通过试验分析和计算机模拟验证了数学模型,找到了扭矩波形畸变的根本原因,并提出了消除波形畸变的方法,为合理使用原有这类试验台及新设计这类试验台提供了理论依据。     

南方红壤侵蚀区水土保持植物群落结构对土壤性状的影响

本研究了南方红壤侵蚀区水土保持植物群落结构对土壤理化性状的影响，结果表明水土保持复合植物群落结构不仅能够有效地减少土壤流失量，而且使土壤理化性状得以改善。水土保持复合植物群落结构可增强土壤保水保土能力，稳定土壤水分和温度，改善土壤通透性，提高土壤pH值及土壤肥力水平，达到增肥、改土、稳产目的，从而促进农业生态的良性循环。同时，笔建议在南方红壤侵蚀区种植果树的生产实践中采用水土保持复合植物群落结构。     

DREB1A regulon expression in rd29A:DREB1A transgenic chrysanthemum under low temperature or dehydration stress

Summary

Previously we reported that expression of the Arabidopsis DREB1A gene in chrysanthemum conferred increased tolerance to low-temperature and dehydration stresses, and that transgenic plants in which the DREB1A gene was driven by the abiotic stress-inducible promoter, rd29A, were more tolerant than those plants in which the DREB1A gene was driven by the 35S Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) promoter. To understand the molecular basis for this improved tolerance, we isolated 74 DREB1A regulon genes using suppression subtractive hybridisation, then compared their expression patterns in rd29A:DREB1A transgenic plants (rd29A plants) and in 35S:DREB1A transgenic plants (35S plants) under different stress conditions. Our results showed that the increased tolerance to low temperatures and dehydration in rd29A plants was attributed to increased levels of expression of different members of the DREB1A regulon. Levels of expression of 69% or 91% for members of the DREB1A regulon that showed upregulation in rd29A plants were highly correlated with the level of expression of DREB1A in response to low temperature or to dehydration, respectively. These results support the hypothesis that the increased tolerance of rd29A plants to abiotic stresses resulted from elevated expression of the DREB1A regulon.     

A peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 generating a neutralizing antibody response, and an immunostimulatory peptide

The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of VP1 and amino acids 1-33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.